Differentiation of the sounds "sh", "c". Whistling and hissing sounds

The formation of right speech is part of education. Sometimes this process is hampered by some factors, and then defects appear. One of the most common problems for preschoolers is the sounds "c", "sh". How can we overcome difficulties?

Development of speech in children

No child has learned to speak at once. Nevertheless, the formation of speech is a process that begins almost from birth. Talking with the baby, the parents help him understand how people communicate, what distinguishes different intonations and sounds. Then the child begins to try to repeat words for adults, form his own language, based on the mother. Finally, there is a turning point - a small person begins to communicate with the help of understandable parents and surrounding phrases. But on this development process does not end. Vocabulary, improvement of articulation, differentiation of sounds and words both by ear and in conversation - all this must be given due attention. Often, all these processes occur on their own, but sometimes children need help. And in this case the main thing is to notice errors in time and not to fix the wrong model in memory. Otherwise, there is a risk of transferring all problems to written language, and this will be much more difficult to get rid of.

Whistling and hissing sounds

In the process of speech formation and vocabulary expansion, it often happens that the speech device does not allow the baby to pronounce everything correctly. The fact is that the active assimilation of the phonetic system begins at 1.5 and ends at about 5 years. In this case, several stages are distinguished.

The child grows, and with it - and its possibilities. At first, some sounds are mixed or replaced by more simple ones in education. In fact, the posterior, sibilant and trembling [p] and [p '] represent the greatest difficulty for children. Their development occurs almost in the last place - to 5-6 years. Prior to this, there is a tendency to soften, stun and simplify. So, whistling sounds quite successfully replace sibilant sounds. However, having mastered the correct pronunciation of the most difficult phonemes for themselves, the child can start using them even where it is not required. And then you need to help him fix it before the habit.

To the speech therapist: when and why

Insufficient development of speech is a common problem, for example, in children who are brought up in a bilingual family. In addition, the features of the formation of each child are individual, but there are certain signs, noticing that, you can start thinking about how to visit a specialist. Having diagnosed, the speech therapist will identify the problems that require correction. Thus, it is often necessary to differentiate the sounds [w] - [c], [p] - [n], [h] - [c] and some others. The specialist will develop a suitable program, including complex work on problem pairs.

It is worth remembering that although correction is possible even in adulthood, it is much easier and more effective in the period up to 12 years. Noticing that for a long time mistakes do not disappear, do not close your eyes to this. This can be caused by anatomical causes or psychological problems.

Perfection and correction of articulation

Talking, people do not think that by pronouncing these or other sounds, they involve a huge number of muscles. And on how the development of the child occurred at an early age, it can depend on whether it will face problems later.

There is a special articulatory gymnastics, which must be done several times a day. It will allow to develop and strengthen facial muscles, which will positively affect the child's ability to correctly pronounce certain sounds, including hissing with hissing.

Differentiation

[C] - [w] - a couple that is quite common in the practice of speech therapists, requiring a differentiation. Game methods, finger exercises, even dances and physical exercises, colorful pictures and illustrative examples, all this - the weapons of specialists in the fight against speech defects, because classes should not be boring.

Neglecting the correct pronunciation of vowels can be a mistake, because they connect the words together. If necessary, work should be done to relax the facial muscles and develop the skills of proper movements. To do this, the speech therapist pronounces all phonemes exaggeratedly and slowly, explaining where the organs participating in sound formation should be.

Mechanism and stages

The solution of the problem should be carried out in a complex manner. At the same time it is necessary to use several channels of perception: auditory, visual, tactile, etc. So, usually the preliminary correction is carried out according to the following scheme:

• Clarify the articulation of sounds. With the help of a mirror or a teacher, a child can see how facial muscles should work, hear how to pronounce one or another phonetic unit, feel the flow of exhaled air and what position the tongue, lips, etc. occupy.
• Isolation of sound in the syllable. Exercises include imitation of speech, the child must recognize the phonemes by ear and be able to repeat them.
• Isolation of sound in the word. The task becomes more complicated, since multisyllabic linguistic units come into play . It is necessary to exclude examples with similar acoustic properties of phonemes.
• Binding to other sounds. At this stage, the child determines in which part of the word the phoneme is located, that goes before or after it.
• Sound extraction in the sentence. This is the final stage.

The main part of the work, that is, the direct differentiation of the sounds [w] - [c], is made by means of their comparison. An important role in this case is played by the skills of phonetic analysis, acquired at the preliminary stage.

Standard occupation with children under 8 years lasts up to half an hour, depending on perseverance and efficiency in each case.

Self-study

The effectiveness of working on the right speech, of course, will increase if, in addition to a specialist with a child, parents will exercise. Ask about methods of home practice speech therapist or develop them yourself. After the auditory differentiation [c] - [w] has been made, the sounds should be distinguished also in the sense of pronunciation. In order to teach the child to correctly fold phonemes with each other, regular exercises should be conducted to simulate the following syllables: sa, co, su, sha, sho, shu. To continue the process, that is, in order to integrate the units received into words and sentences, so-called "tongue-in-the-wool" is used. Ultimately, the correct pronunciation of sounds in each particular case will not cause any difficulties and will become mechanical. Then we can assume that the differentiation of the sounds [w] - [c] is completed.

On the importance of the right attitude

Of course, many mothers are very worried, discovering that the child is imperfect in its development. Too much psychological stress can affect children, including it manifests itself in the form of speech defects. First and foremost, it is necessary to moderate perfectionism a little, to lower requirements (yes, it's a person, but small!), To give the child to understand that he will be loved at any price.

The differentiation of sounds [w] - [c] or any other should occur in a friendly atmosphere, you can not scold or punish children for unintentional mistakes, but you can only correct and insist on correct pronunciation. This requires love and patience.