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Negative particle "not" and "neither": rules, examples

It would have been difficult for us to respond to anything by refusal, had it not been for the negative particle. As one of the most used official parts of speech, it helps us express our attitude to a particular situation. About her role in the Russian language, as well as the varieties of talk in our article.

Particles

All parts of speech are divided into two large groups. The first include independent words. They have their own meaning and are the basis of our speech. However, it would be difficult for us to compose the text using only this group. Therefore, the so-called official parts of speech come to their aid . This includes a negative particle. However, this is not the only species of this group.

There are also the following:

  • Form the form: let it be, let's go.
  • Interrogatory: is it already, is it, is it.
  • Exclamation: like that for.
  • Requirement: then, ka, s.
  • Doubt: whether.

Each of them has its own specific purpose and a special role in the Russian language. It would be difficult to express emotions without using particles.

"Neither"

In the writing of negative particles very often there are difficulties. It turns out that "no" and "no" have a completely different meaning. Each of the rules has a historical basis.

We will write "no":

  • When we want to strengthen the existing denial. Compare the two sentences:
  1. There was no fish in the lake. 2. We did not see a single fish in the lake.

In the second sentence, negation is stronger than in the first. The emphasis is placed on the fact that fishermen did not observe fish at all in the reservoir, absolutely none.

  • In complex sentences. This particle is very often used in the dependent part.

For example: Wherever I went, I thought about the sea everywhere.

It's not possible for me to learn the rules, no matter how hard you try.

  • When using homogeneous and enumerated members.

For example: I could not eat, drink or read when I was sick.

Neither mathematics, nor biology, nor physics were made by Petya in time.

  • There is no predicate. Very often they can be substituted for the words "impossible" or "no".

For example: No fire, no smoke (no).

Neither lie down nor rest (you can not).

The main function that transmits this negative particle is amplification.

"Not"

The service part of speech carries a slightly different meaning. Usually we use "not" when we want to refuse something or to give the word an antonymous meaning. Let us consider other cases when "not" is a negative particle:

  • Double "not" is pronounced at the statement.

For example: I could not help but say this. I understood that you can not help confessing.

  • In some exclamatory sentences, indicating surprise, we also write "not":

How can you not admire this city! What color did not the sky flicker during a thunderstorm?

It is necessary to distinguish the spelling "not" and "neither" in pronouns. In this situation, everything depends on the stress. In a strong position, we write "E": no one, NOT with anyone, NOT with anyone. Without stress, use the "AND": No, NO, no, no one about anyone.

"Not" with verbs and verbal participles

It is not easy for schoolchildren to remember the rules of spelling of a given particle with different speech groups. Each of them has its own spelling features. How do you spell the "He" particle with the gerunds? The answer to this question is simple: always separate. Immediately recall her similar spelling with the verb. Deeptimate is formed just from him. Hence the same principle of writing them. For example: do not do - not do, do not sunbathe - not sunbathing.

However, there are cases when a word without this important particle is simply not used. In this case, we will write it together. Let's consider an example: To complain about a rain - to shout, indignant in occasion of a rain. As with a verb, and with a similar gerundive, a negative particle is written together.

This rule is most easily remembered by students, since there are very few exceptions.

Particle "not" with nouns

Not always the rules for spelling words are simple. For example, im.susch, as well as im.pril. And adverbs have their own scheme of using them with the particle "not."

We shall merge it in the following cases:

  • Formation of an antonym with "not". For example: friend - foe, weather - bad weather, beautiful - ugly, little - a lot.
  • Inability to use words without "no": Clumsy, rascal, slovenly, frantic.

Separately, "not" is written, if:

  • There is a clear contrast. Usually it is expressed by the union "a". For example: A man was not his friend, but an enemy. Not luck, but a complete collapse and disappointment awaited us.
  • The negation is underlined: On the phone, not my mother called (but someone else). We did not come in the evening, but at night.
  • There is amplification. For example: Our neighbor is not tall. My sister is not a slander.

We have presented the main cases when the particle "not" with nouns is written both together and separately. Do not forget that adjectives with adjectives also fall under this rule. If you remember this important feature, then you do not have to memorize the spelling "not" for each part of speech separately.

"Not" with the sacraments

One more case when a negative particle is written "not", not "neither" is the use of it with participles. Many people confuse his spelling with gerunds. These parts of speech were formed from verbs, but with "not" they are written in completely different ways.

Everyone knows that participles have the ability to grow through dependent words. In the case when it is used as part of the turnover, we will write it separately with "not." Example: A pupil who did not complete the exercise received a deuce. As you can see, the participle "not fulfilled" is written separately from "no", because it has the dependent word "exercise". In this case, it enters into a participial turnover, which explains its spelling with a negative particle.

However, there is another side to this rule. In the case when there is no turnover, the communion changes its writing. Let's consider an example: The exercise has remained unfulfilled.

It would seem that the meaning of the proposal has not changed. However, the syntax in it is completely different. Now the sacrament has no dependent words with him. This means that there is no reason to write it with a particle separately.

Let's change this example in one word: The exercise has remained unfulfilled by the students. We note the difference: now a word has appeared that forms a participial turn (by students). In this situation, we will already write it separately from "not".

Well, and, of course, like in every rule, there are exceptions. If the communion without this particle is not used, then we will write it together, regardless of whether there is a turn or not. For example: The raging wind did not subside until dawn.

Conclusion

In this article we have considered the main cases when "not" is a negative particle, and when it performs other roles. Do not confuse it with "no": they have different spelling features. However, the main function of "not" is still negation. In some interrogative and exclamatory sentences, we can use it as an affirmative one. Also do not forget that with each part of the speech it is written in different ways.

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