Spelling of suffixes of participles: how to teach oneself to double "n"

It's not for nothing that they say that Russian is considered to be second in complexity. In the first place is Chinese, but in its hieroglyphs you are unlikely to find the topic "Spelling of suffixes of participles". But the god is with her, with Chinese diploma, because it will be about the norms of the Russian language. If you can somehow remember that the suffix -en- is used in participles in full form, answering the question "Which?", Then one or two n in brief form will have to suffer.

To make it easier for you to memorize several rules of the Russian language, you will have to present a short form of the adjective in the form of a sandal with a "heel", and a short form of the participle - a special verb form - without it. "Piglet" and will be double n .

The spelling of suffixes of participles in short form is easier to remember, if to put the question: "What?" Sometimes the word "what" appears ending ( -a, -o, -y ), which characterizes the gender of the special verb form (female and average) and Plural, for example: the horse (what?) Is cleaned by the groom, the place (what?) Is cleaned by the student, the scales (what?) Are left by the seller. The same endings are also present in the sacraments: cleaned-a, cleaned-o, left-s.

The short form of the adjectives always leaves as much as it was in its full form, and the first one can not ask the question: "What?" For example, the sister is tidy and well-mannered. From the word sister put the above question to the adjectives "neat" and "educated". Is it not true that the hearing cuts? Now try this: "What kind of sister?" Do you see the difference? The short adjective "neat" was formed from the full form neat, where one is written n , and the second word is from the nurtured, where your barefoot person sewn a "heel" in the form nn .

The spelling of suffixes of participles has a number of peculiarities: if the special form of the verb has a prefix not , then it can be ignored, since it does not make the verb form in its full form "stick a heel", for example: a non-trunk chest, fresh-frozen fish. The word "soapy" is an exception, since it was formed in a complicated-suffix way (soap + cooking + enn ).

Primary school teachers often make mistakes, forcing their wards to remember two words-exceptions-forged, chewed. They, supposedly, look like shoes without an unfortunate heel, if used without a prefix. It is terrible that pupils remember this ignorance for life and long suffer, trying to remember the spelling of suffixes of participles.

To fix the situation, it is worth wrapping the wit: the words forged and chewed are really written so, if after them there is a noun in the nominative case: a forged bracelet, a chewed mug. As soon as the nominative case changes to the indirect one (from the genitive to the prepositional), then immediately the "heel" is sewn: a forged (by?) Brother bracelet, chewed (by whom?) By an ass burdock.

Suffixes of participles, the table of which is in many textbooks, pay attention to the fact that with two words such words as unprecedented, unintentional, non-printed, chased, unexpected, coded, unread are written. It is better to learn them by heart so as not to make mistakes in works, statements and dictations.

The spelling of the personal endings of the verbs and suffixes of the present participles is not an easy rule, but one can find a special approach to them if you turn it into a game, determining beforehand which conjugation the verb is in the form of an infinitive and whether it is a two-form verb, for example: Marry, telephonize, wire.