What is rhetoric and its fundamentals

There was a science of eloquence even in ancient times. To date, the question of what is rhetoric, is considered from three sides:

1. This is the science of public speaking, of oratorical art, which has certain rules and patterns of speech before the public in order to achieve the best effect on the listeners.

2. This is the highest degree of mastery of performance in front of the public, professional command of the word and high-quality oratorical speech.

3. Educational discipline, which studies the basics of oratory.

The subject of rhetoric is the special rules of constructing and uttering speech in order to convince the audience of the rightness of the speaker.

Russia has always had rich rhetorical traditions. Oratory practice already in Ancient Russia was very diverse and stood out for its high level of skill. XII century is recognized as the golden age in Ancient Rus for eloquence. The first textbooks in Russia about what rhetoric is, appeared in the XVII century. It was the "Tale of the Seven Wisdom" and "Rhetoric." They laid out the foundations of rhetorical teaching: what is rhetoric, who is the rhetorician and his duties; How to prepare a speech, what it is. In the XVIII century a number of textbooks were already published, among them the fundamental scientific work "Rhetoric" by Lomonosov.

To date, oratorical art is closely interrelated with other sciences: philosophy, logic, psychology, pedagogy, linguistics, ethics and aesthetics.

Classification of eloquence

Far from every speech is oratorical, even the one that was planned beforehand. In order for the speech to take place and fulfill the tasks set by the speaker, it is necessary to observe the following laws of rhetoric:

1. The conceptual law.

2. The law of effective communication.

3. Speech law.

4. The law of communication.

The speech is realized in various forms, such as monologue, dialogue and polylogue. Depending on what goal the speaker has set himself, it is divided by types:

1. Informative - acquaintance of listeners with certain information, facts that will make an impression of its subject.

2. Persuading - the belief in the correctness of their position.

3. Argumenting is the proof of one's point of view.

4. Emotionally-evaluative - expresses its negative or positive assessment.

5. Inspiring - through the speech, listeners are encouraged to do something.

Is it possible to become an orator ?

When the task arises of speaking before the public, in which you need to convince the audience of something, a person begins to wonder - what is rhetoric? Is it possible to become a good speaker? Opinions on this account diverge. Someone thinks that a talented speaker should have a natural gift. Others - what a good speaker you can become if you train hard and improve yourself. This dispute has been going on for many years, almost the entire history of oratory.

But in any case, the speaker must know the basics of rhetoric, its not only the most common techniques, but individual findings that will help make the speech bright and at the same time accessible. How to prepare a public speech, how to describe it, how to make a conclusion of a speech correctly is those questions that first of all arise before the beginning master of the word.