Viktor Vladimirovich Vinogradov, Russian literary critic, linguist: biography, works

Domestic linguistics can not be imagined without such a significant scientist as Viktor Vladimirovich Vinogradov. Linguist, literary critic, a man of encyclopedic education, he left a significant mark in the doctrine of the Russian language, did a lot for the development of modern humanities and educated a whole galaxy of talented scientists.

The beginning of the way

Victor Vladimirovich Vinogradov was born on January 12, 1895 in Zaraysk, in the family of a clergyman. In 1930, his father was repressed, and he died in exile in Kazakhstan. Mom, who went into exile for her husband, also died. The family was able to form a strong desire for education in Victor. In 1917 he graduated from two institutes in Petrograd: the historical-philological (Zubovsky) and the archaeological.

Path to science

Viktor Vladimirovich Vinogradov as a student showed brilliant scientific talents. Immediately after graduation, he is invited to continue studying science at the Petrograd Institute, first he deals with the history of the church schism, writes scientific work. At this time, Academician A. Shakhmatov noticed him, who saw great potential in the beginning scientist and tried to ensure that Vinogradova was awarded a scholarship to prepare a dissertation on Russian literature. In 1919, under the direction of A. Shakhmatov, he wrote a master's thesis on the history of sound [b] in the North-Russian dialect. After that, he is given the opportunity to become a professor at the Petrograd Institute, in this capacity he worked for 10 years. After the death of A. Shakhmatov in 1920, Viktor Vladimirovich finds a new mentor in the person of an outstanding linguist, L. V. Shcherba.

Achievements in Literary Studies

Vinogradov simultaneously engaged in linguistics and literary criticism. His works became known in a wide circle of the Petrograd intelligentsia. He writes a number of interesting works on the style of the great Russian writers AS. Pushkin, F.M. Dostoevsky, N.S. Leskova, N.V. Gogol. In addition to stylistics, he was interested in the historical aspect in the study of works of literature. He develops his own research method, which is based on the extensive involvement of the historical context in studying the characteristics of a literary work. He considered it important to study the specifics of the author's style, which will help to penetrate deeper into the author's intention. Later Vinogradov creates a harmonious teaching on the category of the author's image and author's style, which was at the junction of literary criticism and linguistics.

Years of persecution

In 1930, Viktor Vladimirovich Vinogradov went to Moscow, where he worked in various universities. But in 1934 he was arrested on the so-called "Slavists' case". Almost without investigation, Vinogradov was sent to Vyatka, where he would spend two years, then he was allowed to move to Mozhaisk and even allowed to teach in Moscow. He had to live with his wife illegally, exposing both to risk.

In 1938 he was forbidden to teach, but after Viktor Vladimirovich wrote a letter to Stalin, he was returned to Moscow residence permit and the right to work in Moscow. Two years passed relatively calmly, but when the Great Patriotic War began, Vinogradova, as an unreliable element, was sent to Tobolsk, where he would stay until the summer of 1943. All these years, in spite of everyday unsettledness and constant fear for his life, Viktor Vladimirovich continues to work. He writes the stories of individual words on small sheets, they are found in the archives of the scientist very much. When the war was over, Vinogradov's life was improving, and he, having returned to Moscow, began to work hard and fruitfully.

Linguistics as a vocation

Viktor Vladimirovich Vinogradov won worldwide recognition precisely in linguistics. His scientific interests lay in the field of the Russian language, he created his own scientific school, which relied on the previous history of Russian linguistics and opened up wide opportunities for describing and systematizing the language. His contribution to Russian studies is extremely great.

Vinogradov built a theory on the grammar of the Russian language, based on the views of A. Shakhmatov, he developed a theory of parts of speech, which was set out in the fundamental work "Modern Russian Language". His works on the language of fiction, which combine the resources of linguistics and literary criticism, are interesting, and they allow us to penetrate deeply into the essence of works and author's style. An important part of the scientific legacy are works on textology, lexicology and lexicography, he singled out the main types of lexical meaning, created the doctrine of phraseology. The scientist was a member of the group on compiling the academic dictionary of the Russian language.

Outstanding work

Prominent scientists with a wide range of scientific interests often create significant work in several areas, so was Viktor Vladimirovich Vinogradov. "Russian language. Grammar doctrine of the word "," On the language of fiction "," On artistic prose "- these and many other works brought glory to the scientist and combined the research opportunities of stylistics, grammar and literary analysis. Significant work is the unpublished book "The History of Words", which V.V. Vinogradov wrote all his life.

An important part of his legacy is work on syntax, the book "From the History of the Study of Russian Syntax" and "Basic Questions of Proposal Syntax" became the final part of the grammar grammar, in which he described the main types of sentences, singled out the types of syntactic connection.

The work of the scientist was awarded the State Prize of the USSR.

Career of a scientist

Viktor Vladimirovich Vinogradov, whose biography has always been associated with academic science, has worked very fruitfully. From 1944 to 1948 he was dean of the philological faculty of Moscow State University, and there he headed the department of the Russian language for 23 years. In 1945 he was elected academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences, having passed the position of corresponding member. Since 1950, for 4 years, he headed the Institute of Linguistics of the USSR Academy of Sciences. And in 1958 Academician Viktor Vladimirovich Vinogradov became the head of the Institute of the Russian Language of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, which would manage more than a quarter of a century. In addition, the scientist occupied many public and scientific positions, he was a deputy, an honorary member of many foreign academies and a professor at the Prague and Budapest universities.

V.V. Vinogradov October 4, 1969 in Moscow.