Russian writer Fyodor Abramov: biography, creativity and books of the author. Abramov Fedor Alexandrovich: aphorisms

Abramov Fedor Alexandrovich (years of life - 1920-1983) - Russian writer. He was born in the Arkhangelsk region, in the village of Verkola. The family of Fyodor Alexandrovich was peasant, having many children.

Childhood of Fyodor Abramov

Fyodor Aleksandrovich Abramov, whose biography interests a lot of readers today, lost his father early. He had to do peasant work from six years old, helping his mother. Fyodor Abramov graduated from the first student primary school of the village. However, despite this, when entering the middle there were difficulties. The fact is that Abramov was a native of the middle peasant family. Therefore, in the next class he was not transferred immediately. Abramov began to try himself in the literature as early as 9-10 grades. The first poem by Fyodor Alexandrovich was published in 1937 in the district newspaper.

However, he did not immediately come to the idea of professionally engaging in literary activity. In 1938 he graduated from Karpogorsk secondary school and entered the Leningrad University at the Faculty of Philology.

How spent the war years Abramov Fedor Alexandrovich (biography)

The list of books devoted to the life of Fedor Alexandrovich is impressive for today. Of these, we learn that a few years after entering the university, he had to leave his studies, since the Great Patriotic War began. Fyodor Abramov joined the people's militia in 1941 as a volunteer. He was wounded twice. The second time Fedor Abramov miraculously managed to avoid death. A year later, after being on the Great Earth after the second wound, he visited his native village. It should be noted that the impressions of the trip will form the basis of his future works. Abramov as "neperedevik" was enlisted in the rear. He worked as a deputy political officer of the company, trained in military machine-gun units. After graduation, he was sent to the counter-intelligence "Smersh" (stands for "death to spies").

Continuing education, teaching activities and a book about Sholokhov

After the victory, Abramov returned to the university, and then, in 1948, entered postgraduate school. After some time, his biography was awarded a successful defense of his Ph.D. thesis. Fedor Abramov defended the work on the work of Sholokhov. Subsequently, many critics will mark the influence on Abramov of this writer. The article by Fedor Alexandrovich on cosmopolitanism in Soviet literature was published at the same time. He wrote it in co-authorship with N. Lebedinsky. The article was directed against some Jewish literary critics. Later, Abramov became the head of the department of Soviet literature. He taught at the Leningrad University. In 1958, Fyodor Alexandrovich published, in co-authorship with V. V. Gura, a book dedicated to the work of Sholokhov. It is known as the "MA Sholokhov Seminar."

Features of creativity of Fedor Alexandrovich

Creativity of Fedor Alexandrovich is closely connected with Verkola, with the Pinega region. In the village of Pekashino, whose "prototype" is his native village, the set of his works unfolds. Abramov managed to create a kind of artistic chronicle. He showed how the fate of the Russian people was reflected in the life of one village.

The fact that Abramov Fyodor Alexandrovich was addressing the topic of the village offered a new look for the history of Russia, bordering on the modern, for the literature of the postwar period, played a decisive role in the fact that Abramov was ranked among the most significant figures of USSR literature of the 1960s and the 70s. Fyodor Aleksandrovich, in a new approach to creativity, felt the closeness of his works to the works of V. Rasputin, V. Belov, E. Nosov, S. Zalygin, V. Afanasyev, B. Mozhaev.

"Brothers and Sisters" - novel and cycle of works

"Brothers and Sisters" is Abramov's first novel. It is dedicated to the life of the village during the Great Patriotic War. The novel was printed in 1958. Abramov explained the reason for his appearance by the impossibility of forgetting about the feat that the Russian woman committed. In 1941, she opened a second front, perhaps as heavy as the front of the Russian peasant. This work will later give the name to the whole cycle. In addition, it will include 3 more novels: "House", "Ways-Crossroads" and "Two Winters and Three Years". First, the author called his cycle "Pryaslins", bringing to the fore a narrative about the Pryaslin family from the village of Pekashino. However, this name narrowed the idea of Fyodor Alexandrovich, so he replaced it with "Brothers and Sisters."

The cycle of works was created in order to challenge the point of view that dominated the literature of 1940-1950. The Russian village was considered by many authors as a land of well-being. The work became a practical confirmation of the position expressed by Fedor Alexandrovich in 1954 in the article. Then he sharply criticized the works of S. Babaevsky, G. Nikolaeva and Yu. Laptev, recognized as exemplary by official criticism. Fedor Alexandrovich presented an important literary claim - it is necessary to show the truth, even if it is unflattering.

Essay "Around and About"

Sometimes Abramov's reflections on the Russian village, going beyond the limits established by censorship, proved risky. As an example, we give his essay "Around and Around", created in 1963. It is based on the story of how the kolkhoz chairman's day passed. This work was recognized as ideologically vicious censorship. As a result, the editor of the Neva (the magazine in which it was printed) lost his job.

"Two winters and three summers"

Abramov in 1968 published his next novel entitled "Two Winters and Three Years." He is dedicated to the difficult fate of Pekashin in the postwar years. Fyodor Alexandrovich explores the life of the village in various works at various social levels. As a simple peasant, and set to manage people, people are interested in him. There was no relief, which the villagers so much hoped for. Until recently, bound by a common goal, they were like "brothers and sisters." Now Fyodor Alexandrovich compares Pekashino with a fist, in which every finger wants his life. The famine, excessive state obligations, the lack of a well-established way of life lead the heroes of Fyodor Abramov to the idea that something needs to be changed. Pryaslin Michael (very close to the author's hero) at the end of the work poses the question of how to continue living, where to go. Hopes and doubts Pryaslin, reflecting in the finale of the work about the future, are embodied in the image-symbol of the star, which flared up and "crumbled".

"Ways-Crossroads"

The next novel, which we will talk about - published in 1973, "The Way-Crossroads." Its action takes place in the early 1950s. This is also an episode from the history of the village of Pekashino. Fedor Alexandrovich notes the new negative changes that have occurred in the nature of the peasant. The policy of the state, which did not allow a simple worker to take advantage of the results of his own work, disaccustomed him to work, after all. It led to the fact that the spiritual foundations of peasant life were undermined. One of the main themes of the work is the fate of the collective farm manager. He tried to change the established order to the best of his ability. The head of the collective farm decided to give out to the peasants the bread they had grown. This illegal action, of course, led to his arrest. For the villagers, a serious test was a letter in his defense, which they had to sign. Very few Pekashintsy were able to such a moral act.

"House"

The final in the series "Brothers and Sisters" novel is "House." It was published in 1978. This work is devoted to reality, to the modern author - the village of the 1970s. For Abramov, "home" is one of the most important concepts. It encompasses all aspects of the existence of a person - the personal life of a particular family, the social life of the village, and the situation in our country as a whole. Fedor Alexandrovich realized that the position of the Russian people was unfavorable. However, he still sought his representatives, thanks to which one could retain the hope that the original Russian character will be revived, and the dilapidated "house" will be rebuilt by history.

Publicism, stories and stories

Work on major works Fyodor Alexandrovich combined with the creation of small stories and short stories. Their writing because of repeated appeals to works sometimes stretched for a long time. For example, "Mamonikha" was created in the period from 1972 to 1980, "The happiest" - from 1939 to 1980, and "Grass-Murava" was written from 1955 to 1980. Fyodor Alexandrovich was simultaneously engaged in publicism, and also spoke on radio and television.

Publicism, stories and novels are not inferior to novels. In them, too, is not only lamentation and sorrow for Russia, but also unremitting search for ways to revive the country, truth, the identification of healthy forces of the Russian nation. Abramov's best novels were written about all this: in 1963, "Around and About," in 1969 - "Pelageya", in 1970 - "Wooden Horses", in 1972 - "Alka", in 1980 - "Mamonikha", and also During his lifetime not published "A Journey into the Past" and the remaining unfinished story titled "Who Is He?". In all of them, as in Abramov's tales, the heroes are talented Russian people, zealous workers who want justice and truth, suffer and sometimes perish under the yoke of their own mistakes and harsh reality. However, they see clearly, often find answers to questions of time, are able to comprehend the meaning of life and realize their responsibility for what is happening. About all this, the best books of Abramov Fedor Alexandrovich were written. During the life of Abramov, some of his works did not reach the reader. Among the most important of them can be noted "A trip to the past." This is a story that was conceived in the early 1960s. However, it was born only in 1989.

"The Net Book"

"The Pure Book" is the last significant work of Fedor Alexandrovich. This is the result of his reflections on the fate of his homeland. This work, unfortunately, remained unfinished.

1981 year. Fedor Alexandrovich works in the Archangel Archives in the spring. He carefully studies materials that relate to the life of the district in the years preceding the revolution. At the invitation of A. Mikhailov, a critic, in the summer he went to Pechora - to the places where the archpriest Avvakum preached, wrote and was burned. After that, together with Dmitry Klopov (photo with him presented below), a self-taught artist and his friend, Abramov travels to places that are associated with the name of Maria Dmitrievna Krivopolenova, a great Pinezhan storyteller. It was supposed to become a prototype of one of the main characters of the new work - "Clean Book".

The writer's plans, however, did not come true. Fyodor Abramov was able to write only the beginning of the "Pure Book". Other parts were left in sketchy notes, notes, sketches. Nevertheless, the novel even in this form captures so much that, having reached the last pages, you forget that the work is not finished. The characters are so accurate, the records are so compressed that an impression of the completeness, the integrity of the novel develops. The publication of the book, by the way, was prepared by Lyudmila Vladimirovna Abramova, widow of the writer.

The illness and death of Fyodor Alexandrovich

Only close people knew about the illness of Fyodor Alexandrovich. In September 1982 he transferred the operation. Doctors said in April that another one is needed. It was conducted on May 14, 1983. This operation, as the doctors said, was successful. However, on the same day Fyodor Alexandrovich died in the aftercare room from heart failure. Fyodor Abramov was buried in Vercol - his native village.

Memory of Fyodor Abramov

The memory of him after death has not died out. And today his voice sounds in reissued books, monographs and articles about him. Memorial evenings were held repeatedly in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Arkhangelsk, Mariupol, Vercole, Kirov.

The fact that his memory has not died away is also evidenced by the well-known aphorisms of Abramov Fyodor Alexandrovich: "It is impossible to learn how to write poetry", "Everything is great in art in the singular", "We must be not a truth-seeker, but a truth-clarifier", etc., Are quoted.

His creativity is not forgotten. Numerous performances were staged on the works of Fyodor Abramov. His works were staged on the stages of many theaters of our country. Among the most durable and best performances can be noted "House" and "Brothers and Sisters" in the MDT (today - "Theater of Europe"). Their director is Lev Dodin.

Fedor Abramov is a writer and counterintelligence agent, who lived in a difficult time for our country. He was closely connected with the common people, he cared about the destinies of our country. Important issues raised in his work, Fyodor Abramov. The author's books are known and loved today.