"Theophylline": instructions for use. "Theophylline": indications for use, analogues

If a person suffers from a violation of the patency of the airways, then this may indicate the presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This disease is quite common. Often the occurrence of this pathology is noted in smokers. Also, the development of this disease is caused by infection or some kind of lung damage. A person with narrowing of the respiratory tract can hardly breathe out the air. As a result, the main symptoms of this disease are manifestations of dyspnea, cough, and spitting. This is important to know. The most common is the development of certain varieties of COPD. This is the occurrence of asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, bronchiectasis. In the treatment of these and many other diseases, a drug such as "Theophylline" will help. Instructions for use of the drug will be discussed in this text. More on this in more detail.

Description

Theophylline, whose composition will be described below, is a white crystalline powder. It is slightly soluble in cold water (in a ratio of 1: 180), but it dissolves easily in hot water (at a ratio of 1:85). It also dissolves in alkalis and acids.

Composition

In this preparation the main active substance is theophylline. Also included here are certain auxiliary components. Namely - lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, talc, methacrylic acid.

Form of issue

In this regard, there are several types. "Theophylline" is released in the form of long-acting tablets (0.1 g, 0.25 g), capsules (0.125 g, 0.5 g) and suppositories (0.2 g).

Pharmacological actions

The functionality of this drug is multifaceted. "Theophylline," which reviews are positive, relaxes the musculature of the bronchi, has a stimulating and vasodilating effect. This drug provides a normal work of the respiratory center. Elimination of pain in the diaphragm and improving the functioning of the intercostal muscles is also promoted by "Theophylline". Its application in a regular manner ensures a reduction in the likelihood of manifestations of allergic-type reactions in the organs of the respiratory system. This drug may have a diuretic effect. The presence of active substances in this drug contributes to the normalization of respiratory function, a decrease in the level of carbon dioxide and increased ventilation of the lungs. "Theophylline" effectively enhances coronary circulation. It also helps to lower the tone of the vessels of the brain, kidneys and heart. With long-term treatment, the biliary tract becomes dilated, the microcirculation is normalized, and the resistance of the erythrocytes to deformation increases. Patients suffering from hypotension may experience a drop in blood pressure. The administration of a drug such as "Theophylline", together with beta-blockers and antibiotics leads to an increased risk of side effects.

Indications for use

Assign this medication in the occurrence of bronchial asthma, asthmatic status, obstructive bronchitis, emphysema. Also it is used as an auxiliary tool in newborns with apnea. They use "Theophylline" mainly as a bronchodilator. It is also used as a moderately cardiotonic (increasing the strength of the heartbeat) and a diuretic (diuretic) drug with stagnant manifestations of renal and cardiac origin. Sometimes it is prescribed together with other antispasmodic and bronchodilator drugs.

Detailed description of the spectrum of action of this preparation

Initially, in the treatment of COPD, bronchodilators are prescribed. They carry out the opening of the respiratory tract. One of these medicines, as already mentioned above, is a drug such as "Theophylline". Instructions for use describe this drug as a bronchodilator, which blocks the so-called purine receptors. The presence of such an impact mechanism ensures the removal of spasms in the smooth muscles of the bronchi, the removal of pain in the diaphragm, the activation of oxygen into the lungs, the improvement of the intercostal muscles. As a result, the airways are opened, the person breathes more easily.

A certain advantage is possessed by "Theophylline". Instructions for use indicate that this drug can positively affect not only the respiratory tract, but also other systems of the body. This drug promotes the expansion of coronary and peripheral blood vessels, hinders the process of gluing of platelets, has a moderate diuretic effect. This provides stimulation of the contracting activity of the heart muscle (myocardium), lowering blood pressure, and also beneficial to the central nervous system. As a result, this drug is able to act multifaceted, while possessing anti-asthmatic, bronchodilator, diuretic, spasmolytic, vasodilating and cardiotonic properties.

Theophylline: instructions for use

To determine the dosage, there are many criteria. "Theophylline", according to the instructions, should take children from 14 years of age and adults 300 mg per day 2-3 times. In this case, this medicine should be washed with water in large quantities. If necessary, the dosage can be increased to 500 mg twice a day, if this is recommended by the attending physician. If the patient has a body weight of less than 60 kg, then the dosage should be 100 mg 2 times a day. In this case, the morning and evening reception of a drug such as "Theophylline" is prescribed. The instruction says that the treatment course should start with small doses, and then gradually they should be increased. This medication should be taken at certain intervals. They should be 2-3 days. According to this instruction, during the treatment process, regular diagnostic procedures are necessary. Namely - the implementation of a blood test, measuring blood pressure, radiograph, ECG, determining the level of cholesterol and hemoglobin. The manifestation of the therapeutic effect of this remedy comes after two days. This is important to know. When the drug is taken together with antispasmodics, the effectiveness of the treatment process is increased. "Theophylline" helps to reduce the effect of medicinal antidiarrhoeal drugs. During the treatment period, caffeinated foods and antidepressants should be taken with caution.

Admission of this drug for breastfeeding and pregnancy

"Theophylline" acts on the fetus under the category "C" by the FDA. This drug penetrates the placental barrier. Pregnant women may use this medication only when the intended benefit to the mother exceeds the potential risk to the fetus. During the first trimester and the last weeks of pregnancy, the drug should be taken, following strict indications. This is important to remember.

From many observations follows that the clearance of theophylline during the III trimester of pregnancy is reduced. This may require a more frequent determination of the concentration of the substance in the blood and the implementation of a possible dose reduction.

When breastfeeding, "Theophylline" enters the milk and can cause irritation or other signs of toxicity in infants. This is important to know. The concentration of this substance in breast milk is approximately equivalent to its content in the mother's blood serum . Also, this drug suppresses slightly uterine contractions.

Contraindications

"Theophylline", the instruction for use of which is described above, is contraindicated, if available:

• Individual intolerance.
• Hyperfunction of the thyroid gland.
• Acute myocardial infarction.
• Subaortic stenosis. This is a noninflammatory disease of the left ventricular muscular tissue. It is characterized by the manifestation of a sharp narrowing of its cavity.
• Extracosystia.
• Epilepsy and other convulsive conditions.
• Pregnancy.

With caution, it is necessary to take this medication when developing a peptic ulcer disease of the duodenum and stomach.

Special criteria

Smoking significantly affects the conduct of metabolism and the removal of a substance such as theophylline. This should be remembered. Those who smoke 1-2 packs of cigarettes a day have a reduced half-life. In patients with hepatic, cardiac or expressed respiratory failure, as well as in viral infections and hyperthermia, the elimination of the active substance slows down. The intake of alcoholic beverages and caffeine-containing products also has a significant effect on the metabolism of theophylline.

Interactions

The drug "Theophylline" promotes the potentiation of the effect of β2-adrenomimetics. It can also enhance tremor, which is caused by drugs of sympathomimetic type and is able to inhibit the absorption of phenytoin. Deceleration of the elimination of this drug occurs when it interacts with "Erythromycin" and "Phenobarbital." The drug "Theophylline" provides an increase in renal excretion of lithium. In this case, the therapeutic balance is disrupted in patients who take the appropriate salt. The drug "Cimetidine" helps to increase the concentration in the blood level of theophylline, and also increases the time of its elimination. Medical preparations of a similar action will be listed below.

The presence of side effects

When taking this medication, various negative symptoms can occur. Namely:

• There may be manifestations in the form of dizziness, insomnia, headache, fainting, anxiety, tremor, confusion, epilepsy.
• In the cardiovascular system - arrhythmia, tachycardia, cardialgia, a sharp decrease in blood pressure, angina.
• On the part of the digestive system - the emergence of nausea, vomiting, heartburn, diarrhea, flatulence, colitis, gastritis.
• With the long reception of this remedy, there may be manifestations of some allergic reactions in the form of itching, burning, urticaria, dermatitis, fever, increased sweating, skin rashes.

Overdose

In this case, there are certain symptoms. These manifestations mean:

- agitation;

Confusion of consciousness;

- convulsions;

- tachycardia;

- arrhythmia;

- hypotension;

- nausea;

- diarrhea;

- vomiting with a bloody admixture;

- hyperglycemia;

Metabolic acidosis.

With these symptoms, a certain treatment is prescribed. Namely, they carry out:

• Reception of activated carbon.
• Irrigating the area of the intestine with a combination of a solution of salts and polyethylene glycol.
• Intravenous administration of "Metoclopramide" or "Ondansetron" with severe symptoms of nausea and vomiting.
• The admission "Benzodiazepine", "Phenobarbital" (or thiopental sodium) and peripheral muscle relaxants with the appearance of seizures.

"Theophylline": analogues

There are several different medicines of this type. In this case, the following drugs are considered:

- "Theobiologong" ("Theobilongum").

- "Spoofillinardard" "(Spophillin retard").

- "Perfillon" ("PerphyUon").

- "Neo-Efrodal" ("Neo-Efrodal").

- "Franol" ("Franol").

Storage

Powders and tablets ("Theophylline") are stored in a sheltered from light, dry place. Their shelf life is five years. Candle storage should be done in the refrigerator. In this case, they should not be frozen. Their shelf life is four years.

The result

Having familiarized with the above, everyone can imagine what a drug like "Theophylline" is, the price of which is acceptable (within 70-160 rubles). Also in this text is told about the instructions for the use of this drug, its interaction with other means.