Horizontal waterproofing of the foundation: features, reviews, installation technology

Any construction design requires protection from the negative effects of moisture. In order to prevent water from rising up from the basement up the wall, horizontal waterproofing is carried out during the construction of the structures. At the same time, the foundation is reliably protected.

Features of horizontal waterproofing

From the title it is clear that the base protection system assumes an impact on the horizontal plane. If everything is done correctly, the created barrier will not allow underground waters to rise upward. Especially protection is required if the groundwater level is less than a meter or less from the bottom of the basement.

To ensure the protection of the substrate from moisture, it is necessary to waterproof the base, and this must be done during construction, since in the case of a functioning structure this work will be more difficult. The described works are carried out according to SNIP. The horizontal waterproofing of the foundation must comply with SniP 31-02. According to these rules, membrane materials can not be used for protection. The waterproofing layer must be solid throughout the base.

If the water table is sufficiently high, the protection tab must be made one meter from the base. Primary protection, which is also called anti-filtration, is performed during the reinforcement phase of the foundation. It involves the addition of concrete compounds.

About secondary waterproofing

Secondary horizontal protection is laid on the base under the first link. This allows you to protect the wooden walls from the capillary moisture. Perform such work should be after the maturation of the foundation, they must be carried out before laying the building material. Horizontal waterproofing of the foundation usually involves the use of roll protection by the type of roofing material or any other material on the bitumen base.

Feedback on methods of horizontal foundation protection

The work described in this article can be performed using one of the existing technologies. For example, waterproofing is usually used to protect wooden houses, but it can be an ideal solution for isolating the foundation for any construction.

Consumers emphasize that for this you can use an ordinary roofing paper, pasted on bitumen mastic. It is not advisable to use roofing material separately, because mastic can improve the quality of the layer and increase the strength. Ochnechnaya horizontal waterproofing of the foundation is the laying of the material with an overlap in two layers. According to home masters, this allows you to get a more reliable coverage.

On the applied mastic, the thickness of which is 1 mm, sheets of roofing material are laid, all seams should be sealed well. Covering waterproofing involves the use of polymer materials, sprayed substances by type:

• Liquid rubber;
• Bitumen mastic;
• Rubber.

One of these options is applied to the horizontal plane and distributed over the surface. The layer will perform moisture-repellent functions and create a strong elastic and thin film. After polymerization, according to the masters, the material will be devoid of capillaries and pores, where moisture could penetrate.

The device of horizontal waterproofing of the foundation can assume the use of penetrating materials. The construction, as the domestic craftsmen emphasize, is treated with a special primer that can be sprayed. Molecules penetrate and fill the pores. As a result, it is possible to obtain an impermeable, reliable coating that is fixed inside.

Technology of mounting of roofing material

If you have decided to use a roofing material for horizontal protection of the substrate, then with its help you can create a single, uniform impermeable covering. At the first stage, the walls of the foundation are marked and demarcated. A screed can be made of cement mortar.

The hardened compound is covered with bituminous mastic. The sheets of roofing material are covered with mastic and are laid on the foundation so that the material covers the surface and its sides. The horizontal waterproofing of the foundation at the next stage assumes the alignment of the canvases with the help of wooden slats. Adhesive layer should be evenly distributed over the area, it is important at the same time to exclude cavities.

Technology okleechnoy waterproofing

This technique involves the installation of an equalizing screed. It is made of a cement-sand mortar, to which fillers are added, which increase the waterproofness of the structure. The main material at the same time, however, is rolled bitumen or polymer liners of increased mechanical strength.

The horizontal waterproofing of the foundation in the first stage is accompanied by a leveling of the base with the help of a screed, the solution for which is prepared with the addition of additives. They are necessary to increase the resistance of concrete to moisture penetration. After drying of the screed, the surface is covered with a primer on bitumen or water basis, use a brush or roller for this.

The primer should be left to dry for a few hours, after which it is recommended to start applying polymer or bitumen mastic. Particular attention should be paid to the elements of the construction by the type of seams and corners, where condensate can stagnate. Horizontal waterproofing of the foundation for this technology can provide for the application of an adhesive layer in the form of a mastic, it does not need to be dried.

Methods of work

Further, as in the above-described method, a roofing material is laid. When pasting waterproofing, the roll material is laid on the dried mastic, and after it is ironed with a roller. The waterproofing to be welded is carried out using a propane torch. It will allow to heat the roll and roll it on the surface, pressing it to the base.

Laying the roll-up waterproofing can be done in 3 layers. It is important to ensure that the canvas of the upper layer does not intersect in the seams of the lower one. The width of the waterproofing should be such that it overlaps the contact of the walls with the foundation. If you want to waterproof the basement of the building with a basement, then the layer is laid under the base of the foundation, it needs to be located above the blind area and in the place where the socle ends. In buildings without basements, it is possible to waterproof only the foundation from the walls.

Penetrating waterproofing

This kind of waterproofing is performed using cement mortars to which modifiers are added. The latter are chemically active compounds. By contacting with concrete, they crystallize and form a waterproof solid surface layer that is resistant to the effects of erosion and chemicals.

Such horizontal waterproofing of walls from the basement is quite inexpensive, but very effective, but requires preparatory work. The surface of the substrate should be cleaned from the hard layer, remove dirt and dust, traces of paint and rust, as well as the remnants of waterproofing. With the help of hydrochloric acid, the foundation is degreased. It is important to make sure that the surface is strong enough and has open pores.

If there are protruding elements of the reinforcement, they must be cleaned to a metallic luster. Seams, cracks and joints need to be expanded and cleaned. The solution is mixed with water, filler and modifiers, and then left to ripen. The surface of the foundation is wetted with water, but do not be zealous.

Technology recommendations

The application of cement mortar is carried out with a spatula, the composition is distributed and left until the time of drying for several days. At the same time, it is impossible to load the surface. Before carrying out the described work, you should select the materials. Horizontal waterproofing of the foundation, for example, can also be performed with the help of special solutions based on polymeric two-component additives. Such penetrating compositions have a low viscosity, so they penetrate into the concrete and fill the capillaries. In contact with the hardener, this waterproofing creates a waterproof layer. The sprayed penetrating waterproofing is usually combined with a vertical one.

Injection waterproofing

This method of waterproofing is based on the saturation of concrete through drilled holes. The penetration depth can be equal to 0.5 m. When the material contacts the moisture in the foundation, the solution begins to swell and completely closes the pores, excluding the capillary suction of moisture from the ground. If the horizontal waterproofing of the foundation by you is carried out in this way, then the walls of the base must be cleaned of the remnants of the old waterproofing and pollution.

Holes should be placed at such a distance that a waterproof layer forms in the foundation. Drilling should be carried out to a depth that is somewhat greater than the width of the foundation. The holes should be at a small angle. They place the nozzles, which are necessary for the supply and distribution of the solution. To do this, low pressure pumps are needed that mix the polymer gel with the hardener before introducing it into the thickness of the structure. After curing the composition and swelling against the effects of moisture, a waterproof layer is formed.

Vertical base waterproofing

Vertical and horizontal waterproofing of the foundation is usually used in the complex. The first of these methods involves applying to the cleaned and dried surface of the base mastic. It is important to exclude the presence of dust and sand, as they will interfere with good contact.

Cleaning can be done with a vacuum cleaner, brush or car washer. Drying can be done in a natural way - under the sun's rays or by means of technical devices, namely:

• Incandescent lamps;
• Electric heater;
• Thermal cannons.

After drying, the concrete is treated with a primer that will allow the bonding of fine dust particles and strengthen the surface. Primer prepares the foundation for mastic treatment. Its application should be carried out on a flat surface, therefore, beforehand, the cavities are sealed, and the protrusions - are knocked over.

Conclusion

The horizontal waterproofing of the foundation with ruberoid is the most common, but today many other ways of protecting the base of buildings and structures are known. Among others it is necessary to distinguish oklechnoy, omazochnuyu and penetrating.