The image of the house in Russian literature of the 19th and 20th centuries (composition)

Russian literature of the 19th and 20th centuries is a source of strong dramatic stories, vivid characters, rich colorful symbols. The image of the house in Russian literature is one of the strong, standard, attracting attention and making it equal to it. Reflection of the concept of "house" by writers and poets will be studied in our article.

Literature of the 19th century. Short review

This period of literature is one of the most powerful, powerful and predestined fate, both the literature itself and the Russian language as a whole. He was called the Golden Age of Poetry. But the prose of those years was also not inferior, it can be safely called an example of the origin of the canons of the letter.

In this century Pushkin and his teacher Zhukovsky, Fet and Tyutchev worked. The world-famous Leo Tolstoy and Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoyevsky, the rivals Gorky and Chekhov, Nekrasov and Turgenev created their pearls, known all over the world. During this period, many worthy images were created. The image of the house in Russian literature of this time is one of the most powerful and memorable, endowed with primordially Russian features and simultaneously supportive of new world trends.

The century began with the development of Romanticism, which smoothly passed into realism and social realism. The mood of the works was permeated with revolutionary forebodings and a desire for change.

The image of the house in Russian literature of the 19th century

The concept of "home" often goes hand in hand with the notion of "homeland". Perhaps, therefore, writers of the 19th century have paid much attention to the house. The house was often the main scene, the most dramatic events took place in it. Housing heroes associated with their ancestral traditions and family principles.

Many writers unfolded their stories around the housing of the main and secondary characters. The house was associated with its owner and his family.

The image of the house among the classics of prose of the XIX century

We will consider the image of the house of three iconic masters of the artistic word: Pushkin, Leo Tolstoy and Chekhov.

Thanks to AS Pushkin, the image of the house in Russian literature has two interpretations. Let's analyze them in detail on the example of the novel "Eugene Onegin" and his main characters - Eugene and Tatiana.

For Evgeny, the house is a boring place to rest. Eugene does not feel particularly anxious about his house. Another thing - a homemaker Tatiana. At home she handicaps, reads and dreams. She is the real keeper of the home, at home she is very comfortable and comfortable. Perhaps that is why she so easily rejects the untimely feelings of Onegin. She has a real, decent house, and now he is her supreme value. And the reader understands that Tatiana can not even defile her thoughts with her thoughts, that she acts in the novel as a symbol and her soul, whose doors are closed for a certain person, then for good. So the image of the house in Pushkin is a symbol of peace, peace, moral purity.

The image of the house of Leo Tolstoy differs little from Pushkin's interpretation. A tangible difference is that for Tolstoy, housing becomes both the main place of action, and the "generic nest", the source of a character of a whole kind with its traditions, history and secrets. In the homes of the Rostovs and Bolkonskie (and the Kuragins), important events of "War and Peace" are taking place. It is worth recalling the interpretation of the name of this monumental work. The concept of "war" does not need an explanation, and the concept of peace here is not a "state of the Non-Self", but a comprehensive world of people and their destinies. In general, in the novels of Leo Tolstoy descriptions of houses inside and outside, their interior and atmosphere are given a lot of space, it is Tolstoy's image of home and family in Russian literature that will become an example to many heirs of the classical literary traditions.

In A. P. Chekhov, the concept of the house is most fully revealed in his last play, The Cherry Orchard. The plot is based on a story about a noble family, which, due to difficult circumstances, loses its patrimonial estate and is forced to part with the cherry orchard. In the work of the great prose writer, the past and the present, the sublime and the everyday, are intertwined. The house here symbolizes both the patrimonial nest, and comfort, and a strong "standing on the legs" of the Ranevsky family. When they sell the house and move after the death of their son, everything turns upside down. The cherry garden, it would seem, does not have a particular material value. But its value is not counted in money, the house was the haven of the body, and the garden is the soul of the family.

Summary of the works

An amazing variety of topics for research can give us an image of a home in Russian literature. The work, unfortunately, can not convey all the shades of the meaning of the dwelling for writers of the XIX century, but we can sum up by highlighting the basic, common for all traits:

• The house is like a family nest.
• It symbolizes the traditions and history of the family.
• It is often the main place of action of the work.

Writers did not spare colors to describe the family nests of their heroes. Most of them lived in estates inherited from fathers and grandfathers, appreciated and respected it. Attitude towards home and being in it largely predetermined the nature of the character, the presence / absence of adventurousness in it.

Literature of the XX century. Overview

The literary traditions of the nineteenth century were replaced by the challenging innovation of the 20th century. The image of the house in Russian literature of the 20th century will acquire completely different features than in the predecessor century.

This period will later be called the Silver Age. It takes its origins and develops many currents and trends. Realism passes into modernism, and modernism falls into dozens of fragments-currents: acmeism and futurism, symbolism and the avant-garde. The main themes and questions: the meaning of life and death, the argumentation and challenging of eternal moral values, the search for a "new" syllable and a new hero. Religion and mysticism have become rivals, they have disagreed in their traditions, then crossed and walked shoulder to shoulder.

This century is marked by the creativity of such poets as Yesenin and Akhmatova, Mayakovsky and Blok, the amazing Velemir Khlebnikov and the sad Sologub. Prose did not lag behind in its development and search for new traditions. Creates his manifesto Merezhkovsky, Gorky from romanticism turns to realism. It is at this time that he will write a brilliant "Doctor Zhivago" B. Pasternak and finish the work on "Dead Souls" N. Gogol.

The image of the house in Russian literature of the 20th century. The novel "The House" by Abramov

The writer F. Abramov called his voluminous tragic novel "House". In it, he talks about the death and decadence of the Russian village.

The protagonist returns from his sister's house in a small village and remembers his stay there. On the background of the house, the main events in the life of this family unfold.

Later this house will be sold and become a two-digit symbol: on the one hand, it is already old, and we need a new one, but on the other - here all the memories are here, the strength of the family and its moral foundations. The heroine of the novel Liza from the last forces is ready to fight for his father's house, he is even her half-ruined, affected by the non-disgusting hands of the second-hand dealers.

The house of Pasternak and Gogol

The image of the house in the works of Russian literature is vividly shown in Boris Pasternak in Doctor Zhivago. Here, the dwelling is an image of the harbor of thoughts and protects the inner world of the hero from outside interference. But the houses are collapsing, and, perhaps, that reminder from above that you need to keep your thoughts not only in four walls, that you need to be able to be yourself and in the crowd.

In Gogol, the house in his "Dead Souls" acquires a mythological and symbolic meaning. Plyushkin's estate represents a sad picture of corruption and destruction, dilapidation and neglect. The image of the house in Russian literature has never been shown in such a deplorable state. And all because Nikolai Vasilyevich behind the image of the house hides the soul of his master - Plyushkin. He is old and too mired in his impoverished worldview, it is high time for him or to recover, get rid of the old one, or collapse, burying his ruin under ruins.

conclusions

Each century sees its heroes in its own way. Just as different is the image of the house in Russian literature (an essay on both periods will give you a general impression of a house in the XIX and XX centuries).

The century-old predecessor depicts the house as a family nest, a repository of traditions and the history of childbirth, an object that formulates not only the characters, but also the fate of the heroes.

The twentieth century refers to the dwelling already differently. It becomes a symbol of some kind of regression and sometimes requires renewal, and even the disposal of it.

The image of the house in Russian literature is complex and ambiguous. Arguments can be found in the works themselves.