Mongolia After the Great Conquests

The Mongol conquests of the 13th century. Ended in 1276. True, Khubilai made attempts to subordinate the countries of South-East Asia and Japan, but did not achieve success. The campaigns of Mongolian troops to Vietnam, Champa, Burma and on the island of Java in the last quarter of the 13th century. Did not lead to the conquest of these countries. The Mongols undertook two campaigns (in 1274 and 1281) on Japan. But they did not even manage to land on the islands.

In the successes of the Mongolian troops, which almost everywhere gained victories, a significant role was played by the commanders' art and the diplomatic and organizational abilities of Genghis Khan and Khubilai from his successors, as well as the military talent of the Mongol generals Subedei, Teh Ebe, Mukhali, Bayan, and others.

But the main factor of these successes was that the conquerors dealt with feudal states torn by internal contradictions, where the rulers could not organize the defense of their countries in conditions of class clashes, ethnic disunity and political fragmentation.

However, during this period, the khan's court, naturally, was more interested in other parts of the empire that had just been conquered, especially close to China. Mongolia after the great conquests ...

For the upper strata of the Mongol conquerors of the XIII-XIV centuries. Were characterized by two main opposite political trends in politics in the conquered countries. They were most vividly manifested in China. The first was supported by the majority of the Mongolian nomadic nobility. The history of Mongolia has its contribution to the history of the whole world.

These were, according to Petrushevsky, "admirers of Mongolian antiquity and nomadic traditions, supporters of the semi-patriarchal-semi-feudal system", defenders of backward forms of economy, enemies of settled life and farming. They wanted only to plunder the sedentary population of the conquered countries, no matter how - by capturing military booty in battles or predatory after-conquests. The second was represented by a small group of the Mongolian nobility and the local civilian bureaucracy, who joined the Mongol Great Khan.

Its conductors advocated the restoration of the productive forces destroyed in the wars in the conquered countries, the patronage of cities and commerce, the exact fixation of taxes and duties for the proper receipt of income in the khan's treasury, the strengthening of the central khanate power in the empire and curbing the centrifugal aspirations of the Mongolian nomadic nobility.

Mongolia after the great conquests