Syntax: what does this section look like. Syntactic Units, Relationships and Relationships

This article is devoted to such a section of the grammar as syntax. What does he study? We will answer this question.

Definition

The syntax examines the rules, means, and ways of combining words, word forms and predicative units, as well as the resulting units. The laws of their construction can not be understood and interpreted in isolation from the concepts of syntactic connection and syntactic relations. Therefore, they are the basic, fundamental concepts of the "syntax" section, which studies these and other phenomena.

Syntax units

These units arise and exist in the language to denote syntactic relations - the most common typed values expressed by means of language and intended for the construction of material information. Let's introduce one more definition from the "syntax" section. What else does he study?

Syntactic relationships

These are ways of connecting syntactic units by means of language to express certain semantic relationships.

There are two traditionally opposed types of such a connection: writing and submission. In addition to them, coordination and apposition are singled out, and within the subordinate communication is duplex.

Coordination arises between the subject and the predicate in the structure of the sentence. Its difference from the subordinate connection (agreement) can be fairly clearly defined:

1. Coordination is a subordinate connection, the presence of the main and dependent components. Coordination - correlation, mutual conditioning of the subject and predicate forms.
2. The coordination follows the whole paradigm of the main word. Coordination - the correlation of the individual forms of the subject and the predicate (only the vertex and conjugated form of the verb).
3. At the coordination the phrase is formed, at coordination - the offer.
4. When matched, the dependent component performs the syntactic function of the definition. In coordination, the syntactic functions of the main terms of the sentence are subject and predicate.

With an adjective connection, it is impossible to clearly define, as in the case of submission, the main and dependent word. The form of the application does not agree, that is, it does not resemble the form of the one being determined, and the coincidence of the genus and the number, when it is observed, is due not to the grammatical properties of the latter, but to the nominations of realities. The same case is explained by the syntactic parallelism of the forms, since they are controlled by the same verb-predicate: beautiful river, villain-trap, but the newspaper Izvestia, Za Rulem magazine, etc.

Duplexive is a double subordination that occurs only in the structure of sentences: "He looked tired". This connection is often used by Russian syntax, which studies similar phenomena. The word "weary" takes the form of the genus and the number of the word being determined, and the choice of case depends on the verb.

Syntactic Relationships

For all kinds of syntactic connection between the components of syntactic units and themselves, syntactic relations arise. The main methodical method of their detection is a system of logical questions.

Syntactic relations are also what they learn in syntax. They are definitive, objective and replenishing. Object communicates the relationship between the state or action and the object to which it is directed: "write a letter." Definitive arise when the object, action, phenomenon, sign, state is characterized by internal or external quality, properties, and also receive different circumstantial characteristics: "cheerful milkman", "house in the garden." Replenishing relationships take place when a certain dependent word meaningfully replenishes the main thing: "do nobly", "kilogram of bread", "days of late autumn". That's what science studies syntax.