Sansevieria: types, description, photo. "Touching tail", "mother tongue"

Confidently migrating to the comfort of the home from the dry tropics of America and Africa, remarkably hardy and unpretentious culture with the unpronounceable name of Sansevieria quickly won the love of many flower growers who immediately renamed it into a much more understandable Russian ear "pike tail" or a very ironic "tawny tongue." It is under these simple names that we are most often acquainted with the plant that is surprising in terms of the degree of adaptation to the proposed conditions. The heroine of this publication is sansevieria. Types and features of culture are described in the article.

Description

Botany of different countries did not come to an agreement and consider the plant to be different families - asparagus and agave. Nevertheless, the Sansevierian genus includes more than 60 species of evergreen stems without perennial - natives of dry stony regions of tropical and subtropical latitudes with the most complex climate. Probably, it is precisely the centuries-old growth in such conditions that has produced an incredible ability of the plant to survive at all costs, practically without losing face, that is, decorativeness. This property of the culture is also used by the flower growers, especially the beginners, and the designers - compositions with sansevieria decorate houses and offices, organically fitting into any interior. Along with the unpretentiousness of the plant and excellent decorativeness. Many varieties of the pike tail are introduced into the culture . All of them, despite the differences in appearance, are similar in that they are equally hardy and decorative.

Sansevieria: Species

Numerous types of culture have spread in indoor floriculture . One of the most common varieties of the plant is Sansevieria three-lane, named so because of the features of the longitudinal color of the leaf. The non-stubble plant, growing in rosettes, forms in each of them 5-6 tall sword-shaped dark green leaves with light transverse bands and a bright yellow-green border along the edge. Dense powerful leaves grow to 1.2 m in height, their width usually varies from 3 to 10 cm. The leaves are lanceolate, smooth, gradually tapering upward and terminating in a strong single spine. The color of the sheet depends on the degree of illumination: in a plant located in a well-lit place, the bands are noticeably brighter, with a lack of light, they become blurred and can disappear completely. The sheet will become evenly colored, without zonal compartments.

Varieties of three-lane sansevieria

As a starting point, Sansevieria three-lane served as a basis for breeding a lot of popular varieties. Here are some of them:

• Laurenti is a long-established variety that has remained at the peak of popularity for many decades. The leaves of this variety grow vertically upward, their edges are edged with a sharp yellow strip, the width of which may vary slightly.

• White Sansevera - a variety created on the basis of Laurenti in 1948. Its leaves are decorated with white longitudinal stripes, alternating with dark green. White Sansevieria, the photo of which is presented above, is a beautiful plant with straight, stiff leaves, found in domestic floriculture infrequently, because it is very slow.

• Hanni is characterized by coquettish rosettes in the form of a bowl with bent leaves.

• Derivatives from Hanni - Golden Hanni and Silver Hanni, patented in the middle of the last century. Quite similar to Hanni, they differ in the color of the leaves: in Golden Hanni they are dotted with irregular golden yellow stripes, and for Silver Hanni is characterized by a silvery gray color, blurred transverse bands and dark edging of the edge.

• Futura is a new variety, similar to the formation of a rosette with Laurenti, but having wider leaves adorned with a thin yellow stripe.

• Robusta, different from the Futura variety, lack of bands.

• The recently obtained Munshain is similar to Robusta in terms of growth and shape, but has a remarkable gray-green color.

• Nelson is a descendant of the Laurenti variety, characterized by a deep velvety green color of shorter, thick leaves and slow growth. In the outlet can be more than 6 leaves, and varietal characteristics only preserves reproduction by dividing the rhizome. With the cuttings, the initial appearance grows.

• The compacta variety is endowed with thinner and short, unevenly colored leaves: centered - intensely dark tones, to the edge - a clearly defined yellow strip. Sometimes the leaves twist, giving the plant a special attraction. It grows slowly, in order to preserve the signs of the uterine shrub it is necessary to multiply by the division of the rhizome.

• Extremely decorative grade Twister Sister, which forms a rosette of swirling leaves - olive in a dark speck and with a yellow edging.

We listed only a small part of the varieties of the three-band Sansevieria. In addition to this species, there are many others.

Sansevieria hyacinth

This is one of the most popular and popular types of culture. The best sort of species is recognized by Ayo. The owner of wide egg-shaped leaves with silvery-gray fuzzy spots and a thin orange edging, he hardly reaches a height of half a meter, but this does not prevent him from being a favorite of many florists: both professionals and amateurs. Ayo is found in the collections of famous connoisseurs of home floriculture.

The form of hyacinth sansevieri is complemented by ampel (hanging) varieties grown in suspended tanks.

All species of the species grow 2-4 in the rosette, reaching, depending on the variety, from 15 to 45 cm in height. The width of the leaves is not more than 7 cm, and their color is dark green with spots or strokes. Mandatory margin along the edge, the color of which varies from reddish-orange to milky-white tones. The culture blooms in winter, producing a sturdy long flower spike with fine fragrant flowers.

The Great Sansevieria

Despite the fact that the species is loudly called "sansevieriya big," it does not differ in giant sizes. Its leaves can grow only by 0,3-0,6 m. The height exceeding the specified, can boast only some varieties of this species. But they are not the most attractive for florists. All varieties of the species are characterized by the following features: light green leaves with dark transverse bands and a reddish marginal rim.

View of Dunery

Strongly different from the listed species, Sansevieria Dunery is a leaf succulent, forming rosettes, the number of leaves in which often exceeds 10-16. Flat and erect, they often reach 25-30 cm in height and 3 cm in width. The leaves are painted in light green tones with a dark pattern. The plant blossoms, throwing out a flower stalk up to 40 cm long, on which small white flowers are collected, which emit a fragrance that resembles the smell of lilac.

Liberian Sansevieria

The species forming a rosette of 5-6 leaves, located almost parallel to the ground and reaching 35-50 cm, is called "sansevieriya Liberian". Lancet-like leaves, edged with a light, pink or terracotta fringe, are painted in a dark green color, washed out by transverse light strips. The arrow-tsvetonos reaches almost meter long, white small flowers bloom on it with a rather sharp aroma.

Guinean, or three-bladed, sansevieriya

One of the most decorative species - Sansevieria Guinean with dense fleshy leaves, edged around the edges of a light yellow border. The length of leaves of different varieties varies from 0.3 to 1.5 m, width reaches 10 cm. Scented small flowers of light green tones are formed in the center of the rosette. They are rather unattractive and they can not always be seen, but the view is primarily valued by luxurious leaves.

Pick

Sansevieriya Kirk - a kind of perennial, forming a rosette of 3-5 leaves, growing up to one and a half meters. The plant is characterized by green leaves with light spots and a terracotta fringe at the edges. There are varieties with leaves of red-brick color.

Within one publication it is impossible to give a complete description of all varieties and varieties. We will limit ourselves to listing the most popular crops grown in room conditions.

Sanseveria Care

Despite the fact that the house flower "mother tongue" is unpretentious and completely uncomplicated in the care, creating him comfortable conditions, you can significantly improve its decorativeness. The plant is responsive to any manifestation of care, but does not impose strict requirements on the florist. Let's consider the basic agrotechnical methods used in cultivation сансевиерии.

Lighting and temperature mode

Culture prefers bright lighting (but not scorching direct sunlight), although it grows in shaded places. Intensive lighting contributes to the formation of healthy leaves, increases the contrast of their color. Especially in need of high-quality illumination variegated forms. Lack of light is not critical for the plant, but to stop the growth and make it acquire an even-grained color of green leaves.

A wide temperature range, in which a culture such as sansevieria feels comfortable. The species and its varieties are unpretentious, the plant successfully develops, maintaining both hot and cool growing conditions. It is important only to remember that the temperature in the room should not fall below + 12-14 ° C. In winter time, it is ensured that the leaves do not touch the cold window glass, and also do not leave the culture in drafts - the frosty air is destructive for the decorative southerly.

Watering and feeding

Sansevieria, a photo of which shows a variety of species, is succulent, which means it accumulates water in tissues, and permanent moistening will lead to rot. The plant tolerates short-term droughts. Therefore sansevieriu watered moderately, focusing on the condition of the soil and allowing it to dry out between watering. The intensity of moistening depends on the characteristics of the content in the room: in conditions of shading and coolness, the culture should be watered less often. It is important to remember: water the plant from above, trying not to get into the center of the outlet. The culture is absolutely indifferent to the level of air humidity, it is equally well adapted to growing both in dry conditions and high humidity.

Feed Sansevierium only during the growing season. It suits fertilizers for cacti. The concentration of solutions for fertilizing depends on the conditions of detention. If the culture is in a well-lit place, it is fertilized once a month with the solution recommended in the annotation. When the plant is kept in a shaded and cool place, it is fed with solutions whose concentration is 2-3 times lower than recommended, and sometimes it is advisable to take a break at all if unusual deformation of leaves is observed or varietal features are lost.

Transplantations

Transplant the plant only when the pot becomes cramped. The rhizome of Sansevieria is powerful, expanding in breadth, it can deform the walls of the container or even break them. Therefore, choosing a container, they prefer a wide and shallow dish. The soil is selected well drained. Not bad proved to be a mixture of universal purchase soil with river sand in a proportion of 2: 1. Carry out transplants in the spring, this is the most sparing time, allowing the plant to quickly recover and move into growth.

At the same time it is desirable to conduct and reproduction. Sansevieria (species listed in the article and not included in the publication) excellently tolerates the division of the rhizome. It is also possible to cuttings, but this method is used if the transfer of the parent varietal characteristics is not necessary.