Running sports. Types of sports running

Athletics is perhaps the most popular in the world. And not for nothing! After all, it includes many different disciplines that can interest every sports lover. This includes jumps in height and length, throwing the nucleus, spears, disc, hammer, walking and running at different distances.

We'll talk only about running in the article. But, believe me, you can tell a lot about one sport.

So, the sports run

The name "sporty" got such a run in contrast to the run for health, which you can regularly observe somewhere in the park, for the fact that you can fully master it only if you have certain qualities.

From an athlete, running requires strength, speed, tactical thinking, reaction and, most importantly, endurance. After all, sports running is, first of all, the result. And for his sake, going out onto the path has to do the impossible in the literal sense of the word.

To date, the race is divided according to the distance to sprint (short distances) and stayer (long), as well as to relay, marathon and running with obstacles (barrier).

In what conditions are running competitions?

Running sports does not require any special conditions for the competition. For them athletics stadiums are used, where the main attention is paid only to accurate marking and high-quality coverage of the treadmill. Previously, these tracks were both earthen and asphalt. But at present the coating is made of synthetic materials (tartan, regpol, rekortan, etc.).

Hold competitions in any weather. In summer stadiums, there are usually 8 tracks for this, and winter ones can be limited to six. The width of each of them is 1 m 22 cm, and the line dividing them is 5 cm. The length of the track is 400 m. It is mandatory to have markings indicating start and finish for all distances, as well as corridors where the baton is transferred.

Considerable importance, as you know, has runner shoes - special shoes-spikes, which are able to provide good adhesion to the surface, and hence - and create conditions for an excellent result.

Rules for running a race

All kinds of sports running have common rules. On the command "On the Start!" Athletes line up along the line, depending on the place occupied in the previous stages of the competition or according to the lot. At the same time, their feet are on special pads or structures, and the hands and knee touch the ground (the athlete is forbidden to touch the starting line and, moreover, the track behind it).

The starter, making sure that all the runners are in the appropriate position, gives the command: "Warning!". Athletes move forward, tear off the knee from the path and freeze, leaning on the ground only with their feet and hands. At the signal of the starting pistol or other device, running begins. By the way, if the starter notices at least the slightest movement before this signal, it announces a false start. And the athlete, through the fault of which he was declared, receives a warning.

During the race athletes do not interfere with each other. At short distances, they run along different paths, and at distances from 600 m begin at different, but after 200 m they pass to the general. The place of this transition is usually marked by flags and an arc-shaped line.

The runner who first crosses the finish line wins.

What is a sprint?

Running sports - sprint - is overcoming standard distances of 50, 60, 100, 200, and 400 m for men and women, as well as relay run (4x100 m and 4x400 m), held in the arena, which has eight racetracks.

This sport requires special high-speed qualities from the runner, as well as an excellent response at the start. After 60 m, for example, he overcomes in just 9 seconds!

A run for 100 m, by the way, is considered the most prestigious discipline, not only in track and field athletics, but even in sports in general.

In sprinting there are also non-standard distances - this is 30 m, 50 m, 150 m, and 300 m and 500 m. For non-standard relay races there is 4х200 m.

The sprinter is important even a fair wind!

Since running at sprint distances is short-term, even small details can have a serious impact on the result. You in fact, probably, also know, that the account in sprint goes on fractions of a second.

The most profitable positions for sprinters (200 and 400 meters race) are the central tracks (from 3rd to 6th). On the first and second small radius prevents the runner on the bend to develop high speed, and on the 7th and 8th track athletes from the start run first, which prevents them from navigating in speed. Therefore, the most profitable tracks, as a rule, are distributed among athletes who showed high results.

In a sprint in an open stadium, even a fair wind can help an athlete. Therefore, for example, if the readings of the passing component are more than 2 m / s, the result demonstrated by the runner is not recognized as an official record.

Marathon is a sport for the hardy

Athletics in its arsenal is also the most difficult kind of athletic run - marathon. The distance, which in this case must be overcome by athletes 42 km 195 m. A marathon runner should have not only an excellent physical form, endurance and a desire for victory, but also be able to overcome difficulties and pain.

Preparation for the race requires a multi-month workout, compiled according to a strict plan, and a balanced diet. By the way, athletes who are under 18 years of age can not participate in the marathon.

During the competition it is necessary to provide enough water and food for runners capable of maintaining the energy balance in the body. For this, food points are established every 5 km along the route.

By the way, for some categories of runners, the air temperature above +18 ° С is considered dangerous, and if it rises above +28 ° С, the start is canceled.

Running and walking

Speaking of running, one can not help mentioning walking. From running it differs in that in it it is necessary not only to show the highest result, but also to strictly observe the technique, which prohibits the transition to running.

The athlete in every step is obliged to take forward only the leg, straightened in the knee from the moment of its contact with the ground and before the passage of the vertical. This is followed up by 9 judges, and for disregarding the rules of the competitor can be disqualified. It is very difficult for a sportsman to refrain from jumping to a slow run, which gives the competition a special drama.

Speed skids cover distances from 20 to 50 km (men) and 20 km (women).