PTE that establishes? Rules of technical operation of railways

The railway infrastructure is a complex technical and operational complex. Its content involves a wide range of mechanical means that require careful monitoring and maintenance. The slightest violation can lead to an accident or even a catastrophe with unpredictable consequences. For this reason, transport organizations strictly adhere to the rules of technical operation (PTE). What does this document establish? First of all, it is focused on preventive measures that make it possible to ensure the reliability of the technical base of the railway infrastructure at the current moment, and also to extend the working life of its components. These tasks are achieved through the implementation of special service activities.

What is included in the railway infrastructure?

The component list of facilities that are involved in servicing railways may vary depending on the specific operating conditions and the load on the transport line. But there are basic elements included in this complex. First of all, these are the ways of distances at stations, which are a direct continuation of transport communication. The infrastructure also includes various types of wagons that can be used to transport goods or people. A very important object is the block-plot. This is the functional part of the interstation distillation, whose list of tasks includes the organization of communication and signaling.

It should be noted that automatic means of signaling refer to objects that are most strictly regulated by the PTE. What is the set of rules in this part? This support for the proper operation of signaling, control of the parameters of operation and regular performance of verification operations. At modern stations, electronic control systems for block areas are increasingly being used, which, on the one hand, relieves staff from unnecessary work, but on the other hand, imposes greater responsibility on employees who are required to maintain the correct operation of the equipment.

General duties of maintenance personnel

Technical and operational maintenance of the infrastructure is performed by authorized persons directly from the organization providing railway transportation, or by employees of third-party companies that have assumed the respective responsibilities under the contract. The tasks of the personnel include ensuring safe conditions for maneuvering equipment within a particular railway economy. This means constant maintenance of the technical components of the infrastructure, prevention of accidental dangers and threats.

In the regular mode, the station staff must also support the railway transport. The rules require them to take timely measures to eliminate the problems that have arisen. In particular, the most common abnormal situations include the obstruction of paths. In such cases, employees are obliged to give appropriate signals to the serviced personnel and to undertake efforts to eliminate the problem by cleaning the railway line.

Preventive inspection of infrastructure components

The rules require that maintenance personnel not only deal with abnormal faults, but also fix the risks of their occurrence in advance. This set of measures is being implemented with the help of regular inspection of the railway with adjacent facilities. For example, technological structures, control points with automated equipment, devices and office buildings, as well as directly railroads not of general use, are subject to audit. An important feature of such an inspection is the differentiation of the admission rights for different categories of personnel performing PTE. What sets the standard in this part? The rules indicate that the owner of the serviced infrastructure should identify the members of the commission who perform the inspection in accordance with the established procedure. On the basis of the obtained audit data, documentation is prepared with indication of the characteristics of the state of the entrusted objects.

Organization of repair conditions

An important role in the organization of repair operations is played by planning the schedule and conditions for their implementation. In particular, in advance the head and the commission define technological windows in which work is possible. These intervals can last an average of 1-2 hours. At the same time, each event of this kind involves enhanced support for alarm systems that will monitor what is happening on the work site. As the rules for the technical operation of railways prescribe, employees are required to establish a radio or telephone connection between workers, a dispatch center and a supervisor. Direct production of construction work can be carried out by specialized brigades, machine complexes and mechanized columns. In the regular mode of operation, a regular work is subjected to artificial structures, railways, contact networks, locking and centralization devices.

Creating conditions for closing and opening the distillation

The need for larger scale non-standard construction and repair works also implies compliance with the regulations. Closure of public roads requires an appropriate order from the head of a specific railway infrastructure. By time such a regime can last for 1-2 days with mandatory notification to the federal department of the railway. In this case, the notice must be sent 10 days before the closing date. In addition, the requirements of the PTE note that the signal for closing roads not of public use can only come from the federal department of the railway. In turn, the opening of the line restores the operation of signaling devices, interlocking and centralization systems, power supply and communication in accordance with the order.

Access of infrastructure components to operation

Entering each unit of technical equipment, mechanized complex, automated equipment or equipment is carried out only after thorough examination and testing. These works are also entrusted to a special commission, after which acceptance is performed by operating staff. By the way, the participants of the service brigade should have access to work with specific infrastructure objects. Practice is also the conservation of equipment, on the resources of which railway transportation and auxiliary technological operations are carried out. For such work, the regulations are applied, which are prescribed for the implementation of already manufacturers of specific aggregates. After the expiry of the conservation period, a complex check of the equipment's operability and its compliance with the assigned tasks of use is also performed.

Maintaining distance between paths

One of the most important conditions for the stable and safe operation of the railway complex is the maintenance of optimal track layout parameters. In particular, the interval between the axes on double-track distances along a straight line should be 410 cm. This figure is increased if we are talking about four-way lines that fall on second-line and third-order axial lines. In this case, the distance can reach as much as 500 cm. As the shortest interval, the PTE rules establish the distance between the axes calculated to transfer loads from the wagon to the car - it is 360 cm.

Organization of a lighting system

The organization of lighting is also of great importance in the process of servicing and operating railways. Light is necessary for the work to be done when receiving and sending trains, during loading and unloading operations, etc. Modern floodlights are used to organize such systems. In order to save money for electricity, many stations and service stations of wagons are transferred to LED devices, which also have a high technical resource. Another thing is that PTE RZD forbids the use of separate models of lighting devices, which can negatively affect the visibility of the visibility of signal lights.

Infrastructure control systems

A considerable part of the functional equipment of the railway infrastructure falls on automated units and units, as well as the above-mentioned lighting systems. At the disposal of the responsible employee of the office premises there is a means for remote control of the disconnectors, which control the apparatuses for the technical condition of the formulations, signaling and radio communication facilities. In accordance with the PTE of the railways, a set of automatic controls should be strictly taken into account. In the service building of the control there should be no extraneous devices, and people who do not meet the requirements for an operator position in this industry are not allowed to work with regulatory equipment.

Measures to maintain safety for passengers

The places of operation of passengers include buildings, terminals, platforms and transitional objects of the railway complex. Even at the stage of designing these structures and structures, specialists lay down the characteristics necessary to ensure the safe movement of people. For example, the preservation of transitions in the form of bridges and tunnels at the same level as the tracks implies the inclusion of special pedestrian decks, signs and warning signs corresponding to the PTE. What sets this standard in the modern set of rules? In addition to safety measures, the standards also prescribe the organization of a comfortable stay for passengers. For this purpose, there are also organized recreation areas, pavilions, automatic service points, etc.

Conclusion

The state of Russian railways as a whole is at a satisfactory level, although not all regions are characterized by the proliferation of high-tech equipment, equipment and the same signaling devices. At the same time, the changes in the railways of the railways are oriented precisely towards the introduction of advanced solutions both in terms of mechanized service and in terms of innovative control systems. For example, adjustments are made to regulations concerning the organization of interaction between employees of different stations. In the lists of possible means of communication, mobile devices appear, but also traditional solutions that often benefit from more technological analogues in terms of reliability of performance of functions.