Speech development delay in children 3 years of age: causes, symptoms and methods of treatment

Development and formation of speech in each child occurs individually, depending on many factors. It is not necessary to compare one kid with another, but it is necessary to clearly understand the difference between the norm and pathology in development. When alarms appear in the speech delay of the child, it may be necessary to help specialists, if you can not cope on your own with the problem.

What are the signs of delayed speech development in children under 3 years old? And when is it worth the alarm? This will be discussed in the article.

Norms of speech development in the child

Initially, every healthy baby is born unable to speak. All communication with his parents takes place through a different intonation of crying. And only with time and with due care is the formation and development of speech, which consists of a number of stages. Each of them is important, and without completing one, the child will not be able to master the next. The main task of parents is to recognize and help in time if the child has difficulties.

A normal speech development is considered if at the age of 2 to 5 months the child begins to walk. From three to five he learns to pronounce individual syllables, entering the period of babbling. With 11 months, the first words appear. At the age of 2-3 years the child is able to construct the first simple sentences. From the age of three the child is able to build his thoughts into a coherent little text, memorize and retell short poems.

Formation of speech in the first year of life

The first year of life is very important for the proper development of the child's speech. During this period, he actively develops the brain, hearing, and organs of speech. A harmonious combination of these components allows you to talk about the health of the baby. Hearing someone else's speech, he tries to copy the intonation of the speaker at first, and then make similar sounds and syllables.

During the first months of life, the child pronounces sounds unconsciously, gradually training his speech apparatus. Then he begins to pronounce these sounds in a sing-song, going into the stage of walking. From three months old the kid answers, imitating an adult, with separate syllables, and by the half-year distinctly pronounces individual sound combinations. By 9 months the child babbles. During this period, he develops articulation, he tries to repeat certain words for adults. Speech hearing is improved, the perception of objects, the understanding of the appeal to him of an adult.

By the end of the first year of life, the baby is already able to repeat individual words. His vocabulary consists of about 10 words, consisting of the same syllables. The circle of recognizable subjects widened. He learns by the names of close people, is able to distinguish who is pictured in the picture.

Development of speech from one to three years

Since the year the child begins to actively move around in space, interact with a large number of objects. This can not but affect the development of his speech. The first words appear, denoting actions, while in a generalized form. Passive vocabulary is wider, gradually words from it become active. The child learns to generalize them with the help of an adult when interacting with various objects.

After one and a half years, the first simple sentences appear in the child's speech, usually consisting of two or three words. Then the kid learns the plural, and already by two years uses the case forms. The delay in speech development in children of 3 years is diagnosed if the child does not know how. But is it worth it to panic right away? To begin with, it is important to find out the reason.

Reasons for rejection

Why there is a delay in speech development in children? The reasons can be different. To effectively correct problems in the child's speech, it is necessary to clearly identify the problem and contact the right specialist. Scientists identify the main reasons:

• Problems in development in the prenatal period.
• Birth trauma.
• Head trauma at an early age.
• Psychological trauma, delay of neuropsychic development.
• Hearing problems.
• Limited communication between an adult and a child.

It's no secret that the child's health is pawned during the woman's pregnancy, when all the organs are formed, the brain develops, which is responsible for the formation and development of speech in the future. Infectious diseases, injuries, antibiotic treatment, unhealthy lifestyle of the future mother can be detrimental not only to the health of the baby, but to the development of his psyche. Numerous studies also prove the negative impact on the child's speech, arising from birth trauma. That's when the delay of speech development in children 3 years old and older can be observed.

Head trauma at an early age, concussion, severe infectious diseases with complications, stress, neurosis - all this can affect both the development of the child's organism in general, and speech in particular.

Problems with hearing are very detrimental to the development and development of speech. In this case, there is a delay in speech development in children of 3 years. It is impossible to teach a child to reproduce sounds if he does not hear them and does not understand them. Perhaps this is just a temporary phenomenon associated with a disease, an ear infection or the presence of a sulfur plug. Or is it a serious ailment, for example, like hearing loss. Depending on the degree of the disease, a correct treatment by an otolaryngologist is prescribed.

It is known that the delay in speech development in children of 3 years is eliminated when it is in constant contact with adults. Parents talk to their child long before he learns to answer them. These they stimulate the brain, positive emotions, and hence speech. It is noted that those children who for some reason are deprived of the opportunity to communicate, much later begin to talk.

Development of children's speech 3-4 years: the norm and delay

Until the age of three, the diagnosis of "delayed speech development" (ZRR) is very rare, in most cases with concomitant diseases. If there are reasons for concern, then a timely appeal to a specialist can completely solve the problem. Pay special attention if the baby does not seek to interact with other children. He is not accepted into the game, because his speech is incomprehensible to others. The child is too in a hurry and swallows some of the words. He can not answer simple questions. Does not recognize and can not name simple objects. If these symptoms are present, the child needs help. It is likely that these problems can disappear after simple exercises with parents. If the result of the training is not after a short time, you should contact a specialist.

Delay in speech development in children under five years of age

After 4 years, the probability of a transition from a delay in speech development to a delay in psycho-speech development is high. This is because the underdevelopment of speech inhibits the development of thinking, and conversely, problems in mental development inhibit the normal development of speech in the child. The success in the development of speech depends on the selected techniques for treating and correcting PEFD. However, it is noted that after a five-year age the chance for complete eradication of deficiencies in speech drops sharply. And after 6 years and at all is only 0.2%.

Signs of the problem

How do you know that a child really has a speech development delay? How to recognize deviations? Scientists and specialists distinguish 10 main features:

1. Absence of "revival reaction" for an adult up to 4 months.
2. Lack of babbling up to 9 months.
3. Problems with chewing and swallowing up to a year and a half.
4. Absence of simple words and misunderstanding of elementary commands up to one and a half years.
5. Vocabulary does not expand to two years.
6. Inability to compose simple sentences of two words to 2.5 years.
7. Indistinct, hasty or too slow speech to three years.
8. Inability to make your own proposals in 3 years or use the mirror phrases of an adult.
9. Misunderstanding of simple explanations of an adult after three years.
10. Constantly open mouth and abundant drooling, not associated with teething.

Delayed speech development - when you need to sound an alarm?

The development of speech has rather blurred boundaries. Do not constantly compare your child with other children. The process of formation of speech is purely individual. Scientists also recorded that boys a little later begin to talk than girls. However, the percentage of delays in speech development in boys is higher.

If a child at the age of three perfectly understands the adult, fulfills his requests, and he has no delays in mental development, then there is no need to panic. If the baby suffers only speech, then the reason lies in the individual readiness for the formation of speech. If the child does not speak very or very little after three years, or his speech is incomprehensible, then this is a serious reason to turn to a specialist.

Methods of therapy and correction

Methods of treatment of speech retardation:

• Medicated.
• Classes with specialists.

If during the examination by specialists, for example, a children's neurologist, the child will be diagnosed with a brain lesion, then, as a rule, medication is prescribed. It goes hand in hand with a speech therapist, a masseur, a child psychologist, if the situation so requires.

Specialists who help children with speech development delays

Parents should not panic, as the delay in speech and speech development in the child is treated. A number of specialists are engaged in this:

• Speech therapist.
• Defectologist.
• Neurologist.
• Surdologist.
• Psychologist.

Each parent should know when and why it is necessary to contact a particular doctor. Speech therapists help to put right pronunciation, massage the speech muscles, improve diction.

Defectologists often work in tandem with a speech therapist, the main task of these specialists is to eliminate developmental problems in children with mental and / or physical disabilities.

The neurologist will diagnose and help determine or rule out brain damage. Psychologists help to develop memory, attention, fine motor skills, cope with psychological traumas, which entailed delays in the development of speech.

A surdologist is a doctor who helps in the treatment of a hearing disorder.

Prevention

The delay in speech development in a child of 3-5 years is extremely unpleasant for the whole family. The most effective work to prevent the described problem is constant communication with mom, adults, creating good conditions for the development of the baby as a whole, constant communication with your child, reading books to him, memorizing poems. An important role in the development of speech is played by the fine motor skills of hands-drawing, molding from plasticine, finger and didactic games. All these methods are available for realization at home. Even if the signs of delayed speech development in children under 3 years are completely absent, still a maximum of communication is necessary to avoid problems in the future.