How to make an outlet: step by step instructions, device and recommendations

One of the main elements of an electrician in an apartment or house is a socket. Without it, it is difficult to connect a household appliance to the network. Every host should know how to make an outlet, and also be able to install it, since the process is fairly simple and anyone can master it without special skills. There is enough skill in using simple tools. In addition, you need to have basic ideas about electrical safety.

Preparation

Before you make sockets in the apartment, you must draw a diagram, where it should be indicated:

• Place of installation;
• Load power and number of connections;
• Supply wiring;
• Method of connection.

Places where the sockets will be installed depend on the location of electricity consumers: a TV set, a computer, a refrigerator, a washing machine, an electric stove, etc. Where many units of equipment are concentrated, it is advisable to install outlets (up to 5 pcs.). It should be easy to connect temporary instruments: power tools, vacuum cleaner, chargers for gadgets. In case of high humidity, sockets with IP44 protection degree are used , with connection via RCD from the control panel. The indicator that the sockets in the rooms are installed correctly is the lack of extension cords and tees.

Socket outlet

To reduce connectivity problems, one standard should be followed for outlets. Previously, domestic products of type C5 were installed in the apartments, where there was no ground, and the diameter of the pins was 4 mm. Now it is completely replaced by a euro socket C6 with a connector of 4.8 mm (German standard). Its power can reach several kilowatts. The base of the socket is the contact pad, which includes the following elements:

1. The same phase and zero contacts.
2. A grounding contact located separately.
3. Plastic or ceramic base (shoe).
4. Mounting feet.
5. Terminals for connecting wires to terminals.

Outlets are of internal and external execution. The first is installed in the jar, and the second - through the substrate on the surface of the wall.

The security of outlets from external influences

Protection of outlets from environmental influences is classified according to European standards. Its degree is denoted by an IP with two digits. The first means resistance to the ingress of dust and solid objects. If it costs 0, then the model is not protected in any way. The maximum level is expressed by the number 6. This means that dust and solid particles can not get inside. The second digit (from 0 to 8) indicates the degree of protection against liquid ingress. Here, full moisture insulation is provided at a value of 8. The maximum protection should not always be sought. Even at the number 5, complete moisture insulation is achieved in domestic conditions.

Installation Rules

It is recommended to install sockets at a height of 80 cm. It can be lower, but not less than 30 cm. If there is protection from moisture and an RCD is used, a reduction in the height of the installation is allowed. Now even the plinth is made with a socket, if the wiring is made through it. So, it is convenient to connect flooring equipment. At the same time, there is no need for wall shattering. In the children's outlet with switches are installed at a height of 150-170 cm, so that the kids could not reach. Electricians have made phase contact in the socket on the window side. If the wall is without it, the phase is on the left, if you face the socket.

During installation, a small supply of wire is left in case of its temperature deformation. The cable is passed under the terminal block. At a large thickness, the outer shell is removed. If the wires are drawn around the shoe, the phase is kept separately. You can insert two wires into the terminal when creating a group or a module. Connection of wires through the outlet of other stationary consumers is not allowed. For this, a female module with a built-in terminal block is used.

Tools and materials for work with electric fittings

For the works you will need the following tools:

• Voltage indicator.
• Straight and Phillips screwdrivers.
• Pliers with insulation on the handles.
• Side cutters.
• Knife for installation.
• Insulating tape cotton and vinyl.
• Insulating caps of type C.
• Cold solder.
• Silicone sealant.
• Electric drill with nozzles for drilling gypsum board or concrete.
• Punch.
• Dowels.

The basic methods of work

If you are thinking about how to make an outlet, for you will be important any little things. One of them is the removal of insulation, which should be done by biting it with side cutters, without touching copper. It is important to develop a skill in order not to leave a snack on the metal, where later there is corrosion and local heating from the load. For a beginner, a puller-forceps with a regulation for the diameter of the wire is good.

Rosettes often have to be moved to another place. For this, we have to splice the wires. Despite the fact that modern methods of installation do not recommend this, there is a reliable way to create such a connection. It is necessary to remove the insulation from the ends of the wires and twist them together with pliers. Then on the twist should be applied cold solder and immediately put on the insulating cap. After the paste has hardened, the sealant is squeezed out into the socket. The task - how correctly to make sockets - at first is solved depending on that, it is established in a wall or in gipsokartonnuyu a septum.

Installing a hidden socket in concrete

Before installing the outlet , first conduct electrical wiring. When replacing an old outlet, you can use already supplied wires. Most often for a new wiring in the wall you need to continue grooving. It is laid in a wire and closed with alabaster or cement.

How to make a wall outlet in concrete or brick? The crown is selected by the crown under the jar. To install it along the wall plane, drilling is done with a margin in depth. The well is filled with a solution of gypsum or alabaster. It inserts and aligns the sub-socket. While the solution is liquid, a pair of "fleas" is screwed into it. It is important not to forget to pull through the cable pad.

How to make a socket outlet, if you install a block of several pieces? This is also done by drilling with a bit, but you must first make an accurate marking. The wall under the block can be shrobited just like under the wiring.

How to make a house socket in a plasterboard partition?

Dipstickers for drywall have a distinctive feature: they have sliding or rotary stops. The technology of installation is simpler than in concrete:

1. First of all, drywall should be drilled. The task (how to make a hole for a socket in a GCR with a diameter of 67 mm) is solved very simply, since the material is easily processed. A feather drill or a saw with fine teeth is suitable here.
2. Through the hole, the cable is pulled and pulled through the jar, which is installed in place and fixed.
3. The wires are cleaned and inserted into the terminals.
4. The shoe is put in a jar and is fastened with paws.
5. The lid is installed and checked as it adjoins the wall. If necessary, the foot screws are loosened and re-tightened after adjusting the position of the shoe.

Location of outlets in the apartment

The question of how to make an outlet is important for any room in the house. Each room has its own specifics. And this must be taken into account when installing the electrical accessories. Before making outlets in the kitchen, prepare a sketch in advance , taking into account the placement of furniture and electrical appliances. The main rule for determining the number of outlets - they must be at least 20-25% more than stationary and permanently connected consumers. Thus, 10 devices account for approximately 12-13 outlets. In this case, no additional tees and extension cables are needed.

For places where moisture and steam can get, a degree of protection of not less than IP 44 is required. The same applies to the bathroom. In models to which electrical appliances are not permanently connected, plastic curtains for contacts are needed. Note! The total power of devices connected to one outlet should not exceed the nominal value. If it is designed for 2.5 kW, it can not simultaneously include a microwave oven for 1 kW and an electric kettle for 2 kW. In the places of connection of office equipment in the office or a group of appliances in the kitchen apply blocks. The sockets of the module are connected by a loop - in parallel to each other and with a common power supply. To do this, you can use special combs or a continuous wire stripped on the terminals. Grounding is fed separately to each outlet. Otherwise, all leakage currents will be collected on the first of them.

Socket outlet

The lines for supplying voltage to lighting and sockets are usually separated. If you need to put an additional connector and do not conduct wiring from the shield, you need to know how to make a socket from the switch. The connection is made in one junction box. The socket is connected to zero and the power phase. Zero is fed directly to the luminaire. The phase is connected via a switch to its other terminal. Thus, the outlet is constantly supplied with voltage, and the switch operates independently of it.

Connecting the left outlet

Sometimes there is a need to connect the welding machine to the network in the country. To do this, you need to know how to bypass a low-power counter, and how to make a left outlet, in which you can connect a powerful load. To do this, in an inconspicuous place, connect to the supply input in front of the monitoring device. Here for the load, an additional protective device must be installed. Otherwise, a fire may occur in the event of a short circuit or an excess of current above the nominal value.

If the load is small, the craftsmen install a left outlet after the meter and connect a phase with a "collective farm" zero to it. For example, from a metal water pipe. Then, when electricity is applied, the counter will not rotate. But when the load is connected to a self-made zero, there is a voltage, which is a danger to life. In addition, electricians easily find similar tricks, and this threatens a considerable fine.

Conclusion

If you follow all the installation rules, you can install the home socket yourself. As you can see, this is not so difficult. In doing so, you should know how to make an outlet, as well as pre-select all the necessary tools and materials. Solving complex problems of installing electrical accessories should be trusted by professionals.