Complex "Beech M2": technical characteristics, photo

"Beech M2" is a universal anti-aircraft missile system designed to protect ground targets and troops from air strikes, including defenses against cruise missiles. The SAM is known in international indexing as 9K317. According to the American classification, the complex is designated SA-17 Grizzly or simply "Grizzly-17".

History of creation

Initially, there was controversy about the development of only the project 9K37, but over time, military engineers were offered more powerful modifications. Their goal was to defeat up to 24 objects at a time. The project "Beech M2" (photo of the complex can be seen in this article) was launched. During the first year of development, Russian designers managed to achieve amazing results. The once invulnerable F-15 aircraft became a simple target for the 9K317, even at a distance of 40 km. The range of defeat of cruise missiles increased to 26 km.

One of the main advantages of the complex was the time of its deployment and bombardment. The first indicator was only 5 minutes, and the rate of fire - 4 seconds per 1 shell at a speed of up to 1100 m / s. Such a complex was immediately adopted into the arsenal of the Soviet Union. Nevertheless, since the early 1990s, widespread production was stopped because of the difficult economic situation in the country after the collapse of the USSR. In 2008, the ZRK joined the ranks of Russian air defense.

Features of the development

Complex "Buk M2" is a highly mobile and multifunctional air defense system with medium range of impact. It is designed to destroy strategic and combat aircraft (airplanes, helicopters, missiles and other aerodynamic vehicles). 9K317 is able to resist the enemy forces, even with a continuous fire attack.

The main developer of the shock machine is the well-known designer of the Research Institute of Instrument Engineering E. Pigin. Under his leadership, the SAM received an independent implementation project. Earlier, the development of the complex was intended to partially replace the unsuitable mobile anti-aircraft guns "Cube". The fundamental difference from Buk M1 was the introduction of a new universal missile 9M317 into the BC.

For a long time, the M2 model remained unchanged. And only in 2008 the complex was improved. Gradually began to appear export variations with the letter "E" at the end of the codification.

Tactical and technical characteristics

The total combat mass of the machine is 35.5 tons. At the same time the crew is limited to 3 people. The complex is covered with anti-bullet armor. According to the TTX "Beech M2", in the first place, differs by the engine power, which is 710 hp. This makes it possible to move at a speed of up to 45 km / h over rough terrain. The transport part is represented by wheeled or crawler chassis.

Surprised at the "Beech M2" characteristics of combat equipment. The SAM can fire both under the control of the operators and autonomously. In turn, the command post in seconds handles data on the air situation simultaneously for 50 purposes. Detection and identification is carried out by special stations SOTS, RPN and SDA.

When fully equipped, the SAM provides a one-time firing of 24 flying objects at altitudes from 150 m to 25 km. The range of target destruction at a speed of 830 m / s is up to 40 km, at 300 m / s - up to 50 km. Ballistic and cruise missiles are easily neutralized at a distance of up to 20,000 meters.

One of the shock advantages of the complex is the accuracy of the shooting. The probability of defeat of aviation is 95%, missiles - 80%, light helicopters - 40%. The reaction time of the SAM is also noted - only 10 seconds. From defensive means can be identified aerosol curtains, laser sensors and irradiation screens.

Data exchange between stations of the SAM is provided by two-wire lines or a radio signal.

Characteristics of target damage

The Buk M2 air defense system can neutralize enemy flying objects moving at speeds up to 830 m / s. However, according to experts, the optimal index of damage is most likely 420 m / s. As for the minimum speed threshold, it varies within 48-50 m / s. A shock unit capable of destroying ballistic missiles flying at speeds up to 1200 m / s is integrated into the modernized model of the 2008 complex.

An important characteristic in an attack is the identification of the enemy. So "Beech M2" can determine the reflecting surface of aircraft with an area of 2 square meters. M., Rockets - from 0.05 square meters. M.

During the maneuver, the SAM can attack 10 aerodynamic units at once.

Combat and tactical means

The base configuration includes one 3C510 command post, a target pointing and detection station with 9C18M1-3 codification, 4 to 6 modernized 9C36 guidance and illumination radars, up to 6 self-propelled 9A317, 9 or 319 9A316 starting and charging systems. Special attention was paid to the 9M317 anti-aircraft guided missile.

The "Buk M2" provides for the use of shock sections based on SDA, ROM and on-load tap-changer. They provide a one-time firing of 4 objects at a height of the relief up to 20 m. In the base and export kits of the SAM there are 2 such sections, in the upgraded version - 4.

The change of the basing position requires no more than 20 seconds. At the same time, the availability of each section varies from 5 to 15 minutes.

Firepower

The 9M317 missile is the most formidable weapon of the Buk M2 air defense missile system. The range of the ZUR is 50 km. In this case, the missile is capable of destroying the target, hovering in the air at an altitude of 25 km. The system is integrated with the inertial control system with semi-active radar GOS version 9E420. The rocket itself has a mass of 715 kg. The flight speed is 1230 m / s. The wingspan reaches 0.86 m. The explosion covers a radius of 17 m.

The complex includes a caterpillar unit 9A317. It allows you to detect, recognize and monitor the air target in a timely manner. After analyzing the type of aircraft, the 9A317 develops a solution to the task of destruction and commits launching the missile. During the flight, the installation not only transmits commands to the warhead, but also preliminarily evaluates the results of the attack. Fire can be conducted autonomously in a given sector or as part of an SAM after the target is specified from the command post.

The radar station of the 9A317 unit has an antenna phased array with the possibility of electron beam scanning. This allows you to detect targets at a distance of 20 km with an angle of maneuver to 70 degrees. At the same time, the station is capable of scanning 10 objects. The bombardment can be carried out on 4 highest priorities. Also the unit is equipped with an optical system of television and matrix channels. This allows you to monitor the airspace in any climatic conditions and radio interference. The weight of the installation is 35 tons. In combat equipment - 4 missiles.

Starting-charging system 9A316 is based on crawler chassis. During transportation it is towed on a wheeled trailer. Its weight is 38 tons. The set includes 8 missiles. A self-loading device is built into the system.

Control and monitoring tools

The command post with the codification 9S510 is fundamental in the SAM. It is based on the crawler chassis of the GM597 series. Transportation for long distances is carried out by KrAZ truck tractor on a wheeled semi-trailer. KP serves up to 60 units of directions. The maximum number of targets being investigated is up to 36. The unit includes 6 controllable sections, the reaction time of which varies within 2 seconds. Weight 9S510 is 30 tons with a complete set. The crew consists of 6 people.

The 9C36 radar is equipped with an aerial installation that rises to a height of 22 m, which provides localization and identification of targets even in a wooded area. The radar is based on an electronic scanner with a phased array. The station moves on the crawler. The detection of targets is possible in the range of up to 120 km. It is worth noting the radius of support - up to 35 km. Simultaneous tracking of 10 objects at a wind speed of up to 32 m / s. The crew capacity is up to 4 people.

The radar 9С18М1-3 is a 3-coordinate pulse-coherent installation of the centimeter range survey. It is based on an electron beam scanner of a vertical plane. The radar is intended for airspace research. The received data are instantly transmitted via the telecode line to the command post for further processing. An antenna with a waveguide phased array is used. Azimuth detection targets - 360 degrees with a range of 160 km. The installation is based on the crawler chassis. Weight - 30 tons.

Application and Capabilities

Modern 9K317 are capable of producing intense strikes on unmanned high-speed warheads from several directions at once. The complex meets such important criteria as mobility, multifunctionality, fire performance, instant response, attack variation, autonomy of detection and defense systems.

More often, the SAM is used to protect especially important objects and locations of troops. 9K317 is able to solve a wide range of tasks. This makes it indispensable for reconnaissance or enemy attack from the air, even at extremely low altitudes.

The task of the SAM includes keeping enemy targets at maximum distance to protected objects, eliminating interference, analyzing risk, constructing an algorithm for possible attack, etc.

Comparison of upgrades

The version of "Beech M1" was adopted in 1982. The SAM could shoot down planes with an accuracy of 60%, cruise missiles of the ALCM class - up to 40%, helicopters - up to 30%. Soon there was an opportunity to intercept ballistic warheads. In the course of completion in 1993, the 9M317 installation was introduced. For a long time, the M1 vehicles remained unattainable in the international military space.

The newest version of the Buk M3 air defense system should be adopted only in the fall of 2015. After the success of the M2 model in the international arena, the Russian government allocated a round sum for the implementation of the modernized project. It is expected that the "Beech M3" will be able to attack up to 36 targets manned at a speed of 3000 m / s. The range of recognition will vary up to 70 km. Such results will be possible thanks to the updated launch unit 9M317M and advanced GOS.

Export Issue

In the arsenal of the Russian Federation there are about 300 SAM models of the M2 model. Most of them are based on the "Alkino" and "Kapustin Yar" ranges.

The largest number of export "Beech M2E" is located in the location of Syria. In 2011, the local army from Russia was supplied 19 complexes.

Venezuela has 2 SAMs on its balance sheet. How many complexes in Azerbaijan, Ukraine and Iraq are unknown.