What does "black sky mode" mean?

When a threat of unfavorable meteorological conditions (NMU) hangs over the inhabitants of the city of Krasnoyarsk, a special position is announced in the city. As a rule, it lasts up to four days. Authorities give residents for this period the standard recommendations. Another, more common name for this situation is the "black sky". About what kind of regime and how to behave in this case, will be discussed in the article.

Factors that cause a special regime

If two factors have come together over an industrial city - windless weather and humidity, then all emissions from production will accumulate in the air. They will be joined by automobile exhausts along with dust and smoke. Authorities declare NMU or "black sky mode" - another, better known name for unfavorable weather conditions over the city.

The authorities in such situations give the population standard recommendations:

• Leave the city limits (if possible);
• If there is no possibility of leaving, try not to go out into the street;
• Do not ventilate the room;
• To wash the nose and throat, use saline solution.

As a rule, "black sky mode" lasts up to four days. But there are special cases when the declared NMU has to be prolonged.

Most often, such a regime faces the inhabitants of Krasnoyarsk. When the city is formed smog, it can be seen with the naked eye. That's why the name "black sky" arose. Although its color is not black, but gray with brown shades.

What is the black sky regime in the city declared for?

Sometimes you can hear an amazing question: is it really so dangerous NMU for a person, may not need to exaggerate? In fact, there are three degrees of air pollution, where the third is the most dangerous. But we can not say that with the first health of people nothing is threatened. Proceeding from this, the authorities introduce a "black sky regime" to warn city residents of the danger. At the same time, they impose restrictions on plants, causing them to reduce emissions into the air.

Restrictions

When NMUs are introduced, industrial enterprises are obliged to reduce environmental pollution:

• 1st degree of unfavorable weather conditions - from 15% to 20%;
• 2nd degree - from 20% to 40%;
• 3rd degree - from 40% to 60% (in special cases in general up to 100%, i.e. completely).

When black sky is declared, everyone should follow the rules. Otherwise, the goal will not be achieved and the unfavorable situation may drag on. However, as if the authorities did not follow the fulfillment of the conditions of the regime, there are those who ignore it, for it makes receiving profits higher than the health of people, and also their own. Everyone should limit their emissions to the atmosphere, even ordinary citizens with their cars. A person should be aware of the importance of the situation. Breaking the rules, it harms, first of all, yourself!

Monitoring and implementing recommendations

If the black sky regime is declared in Krasnoyarsk, the executive authorities control the emissions of 28 plants. Plants are required to reduce emissions. You can not build a fire. Communal city enterprises are obliged to wash pavement and driveway roads. Citizens are advised not to travel by car.

All residents should understand what the "black sky regime" declared in the city means and what degree of NMU. Above, the authorities gave recommendations to the residents regarding the unfavorable period. You can add to them that at the second and third degree of danger, going out into the street, it is better to wear respirators (petal). At this time it is strongly recommended not to drink alcohol or smoke, since the load on the cardiovascular system is already very strong.

The danger of "black sky mode", the health consequences

NMUs are very harmful to health. Urban residents may become aggravated or manifest pulmonary, cardiovascular and other diseases, especially chronic. Of course, it is better to leave the city for this period. If you can not leave, then you must adhere to all the recommendations. In the presence of chronic health problems, it is necessary to visit a doctor, monitor the pressure and other indicators of the physiological state of the body. You can not neglect health, so that serious problems do not arise, even to lethal cases. It is recommended to rinse the mouth with a 2% solution of soda, and at the first signs of poisoning take activated charcoal and immediately seek medical help.

Those people who have chronic diseases, you can not leave the house without medications that can alleviate the condition in case of deterioration of well-being. At the first dangerous symptoms, you need to call a doctor. For airing the room it is necessary to use air purifiers and air conditioners.

Drink more often: mineral water, tea with milk, and actually milk itself. Salted, hard-assimilated and fatty foods are better to be excluded from their diet.

A set of activities and what does "black sky mode" (NMU)

Due to the accumulation in the atmosphere of harmful substances, smoke, various chemicals, various poisoning vapors and burning over the inhabited locality, a regime of unfavorable weather conditions is introduced. An important point in introducing such a regime is the fact that there is no dispersion of the accumulated smog. Outside, it's windless. The concentration of harmful impurities reaches a limit.

If the weather forecasters announced a "black sky mode" - this indicates an actual ecological catastrophe. Large industrial cities are aware of the problem of NMU not by hearsay. For example, on 24.04.2017 in Krasnoyarsk, introduced (not the first time) a special ecological situation due to the "black sky". The regime lasted until seven in the evening on 26.04.2017. Krasnoyarsk Territory most often declares such a situation, not even once a year. In this region, this regime is most often announced. In addition, in addition to working industrial enterprises in the city, grass is burning. It was also such that the city was in smoke for three weeks in a row.

Who is responsible for the sky above the city?

The main body, empowered in the system of ecology and monitoring of the Krasnoyarsk region, is the Central Siberian Department for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring. This federal structure has the right and the ability to monitor changes in weather conditions that contribute to the accumulation of pollutants in the atmosphere, and initiates the introduction of the NMC regime.

Under unfavorable conditions in the atmosphere, windless weather, because of the accumulated smog it is difficult to breathe. Therefore, if the "black sky regime" is introduced in Krasnoyarsk, all enterprises are obliged to fulfill the working conditions at an appropriate level of danger. In addition to reducing emissions, they limit the repair and dust generation work, stop cleaning gas filters and unload coal. These are mandatory measures when introducing the second and third degree regimes. At the first - they are obliged to reduce emissions, and to limit work whenever possible.

Rating

Doctors know that as soon as the "black sky regime" was announced in Krasnoyarsk, the number of patients is dramatically increasing. And even on the contrary: if the number of appeals to medical institutions is increasing rapidly - wait for the announcement of NMU.

In the rating of the all-Russian environmental organization, Krasnoyarsk is one of the 12 dirtiest cities in Russia in terms of air emissions. The territory of ecological disaster is the name of the city. This is not surprising! In the city itself works the world's largest plant for the production of aluminum. There are a lot of metallurgical enterprises here.

In addition, a cement plant, three large thermal power plants and numerous boiler houses are adjacent to them. The city's power system is built on coal. And the transport system leaves much to be desired. In general, there is something to smoke and pollute the atmosphere. In summer, residents do not often open the windows. If you decide to ventilate, then in the apartment instead of fresh air immediately there will be a sharp smell. Then it will be impossible to breathe at all! And this is not an exaggeration.

It happens that Krasnoyarsk people move around the city in short dashes. Otherwise they run the risk of breathing in all sorts of nasty things and even getting poisoned. From the upper floors of the houses, the smog's boundary is clearly visible and relative to the clear sky.

Petitions

Recently, Krasnoyarsk residents constantly make various kinds of environmental petitions, appeals to the authorities. They even wrote to President Putin. This petition won 80,000 votes, and the authors received a response from the presidential administration with the assurance to consider the problem. But while the question remains open. Of course, solving this scale is not an easy task. You can not close all the enterprises of such a large industrial center. Yes, and to re-equip factories quickly is impossible - these are huge funds.

Reality and Statistics

Therefore while above a city the impurity of a phenol, бензапирена, ethylbenzene, formaldehyde, the weighed substances, dioxide and a nitrogen oxide can gathers. Pollution rates are very high. Data on the amount of contamination is in the relevant documents, but there is an opinion that even they are understated. In addition, not all sources of emissions are officially recorded.

As a rule, statistics speak about large enterprises, and in the city there are many small boiler houses, mini-asphalt plants, the smoke from which stands a pillar. In addition to these enterprises, a sufficient number of other small ones, but capable of polluting the atmosphere. It is unlikely that it is reflected somewhere.

Solution

Surprisingly, the authorities seem to be doing little, closing their eyes to many things. Perhaps they have good reasons for inaction? In any case, this smog breathes not only ordinary citizens, but also the city's leadership. Is it not interested in reconstruction of purification facilities? It is necessary to beat all the bells and change the system. This is irreparable harm to the environment and the population. Of course, we are talking about expensive innovative technologies, which, most likely, can not be mastered at a fast pace.

Although in order for citizens to obtain information about the sources of pollution in the city and the general ecological situation, the regional Ministry of Nature created a special website. It provides information on the current state of air in the atmosphere above the city.

To the ministry, you can often hear criticism for unnecessary information. All comments by site administrators take into account and work on the availability of the submitted material. When requests in search engines, the site appears in the first lines.

Moreover, if someone fixes the source of pollution, he can report this to the Ministry's hotline. It works around the clock.

Work to improve the ecology of the city of Krasnoyarsk is underway. Just until it is not noticeably obvious.

It is also interesting that not only enterprises are responsible, but also citizens of the city. For example, if garbage is burned in yards, then such person or group of people are held accountable.

Of course, it's hard to start fighting with any kind of problem. But you can not stop! It is necessary to confidently, even by small steps, but to move forward towards changing the ecological situation. It just sometimes gives the impression that the reaction from the authorities is zero. Most likely - this is a mistaken opinion, and they certainly work towards ecology. We will believe that the common sense of people on whom the situation of air pollution in the air depends, will prevail over the desire to receive superprofits at the expense of people's health and, ultimately, the future generation. We will believe in the victory of the mind!