What is the gerundance? What is its resemblance to a verb and an adverb?

On the question of what is gerundance, philologists respond in different ways. A number of scientists believe that it can be attributed to independent parts of speech. Others consider this group of words as verbal forms.

Disputes around gerunds are caused by the fact that it combines the morphological features of the verb and the unchangeability inherent in adverbs. In this article we will adopt the classification of MT Baranov's scientific school, that is, we will call this category of words a special form of the verb.

Let's find out what the gerundance is. We should begin by ascertaining the degree of kinship with the verb. The gerundive has the grammatical features of its "parent". With the verb it brings together the presence of a species, transitivity and recurrence. De-participle means no longer an independent action, but only an additional action.

Typical questions on which this verbal form can be learned: "what are you doing?" And "what is done?". For example:

• Go ahead, not clinging (what are you doing?) For the past.
• Crossed (making?) His hands on his chest, he silently looked forward.

To prevent possible speech errors, it should be remembered that the main action expressed by the verb, and the additional, indicated by the gerund, should in the sentence be performed by the same person. This rule is not observed only in impersonal constructions with a predicative-infinitive, for example:

• It is difficult to return (un-trust.) The trust of a friend, having deceived him once.

Morphological signs of gerunds are determined by algorithms similar to the verb, since it is formed from the latter with the help of a suffix.

If the action has the value of completeness (what does?), Then we have a perfect word before us:

• After cleaning myself in the room, I went for a walk.
• Constantly distracted (nonsov.), You can not work fruitfully.

By transitivity is meant the possibility of combining with a noun or pronoun in a preposition, without a preposition, less often (in the case of a negation) with a noun:

• Having written an essay (V.P.), the boy handed it over for examination.

Recurrent participles are distinguished by the fact that they have the postfix -Ch at the end, for example: coming back, washing, thinking.

In order to understand what is the gerund, it must be remembered that it is not just a verb. This group of words with an adverb brings together the unchangeability (the absence of an ending). The vertebrate single or together with dependent words usually explains the action. The syntactic role of this verbal form, as well as of the adverb, is circumstance:

• Ivanov answered (how?), Gazing intently into my eyes.

In general, sentences with gerundive supplements are common enough. The use of this verbal form helps distinguish the main action performed by the person, with the secondary. Sometimes gerunds indicate the condition necessary to obtain a result. Well illustrate this linguistic function of the proverb with the gerundive:

• Not having studied crafts, do not consider yourself a master.
• Headless, they do not cry in their hair.
• You can not cut an oak tree without blowing out your lips, etc.

So, what is the gerundance? We found out that this is a special form of the verb, combining the signs of the verb and adverb. The gospel participates in the task of explaining the main action, and therefore acts as a circumstance. In proverbs and sayings, this group of words can denote the concomitant process (or its absence), the result of which is expressed by the verb.