Types of Speech

About what types of speech there are, you can learn from the course of stylistics. This science solves the questions of the correct, most expedient use of words, the construction of sentences in such a way that the thought is expressed very clearly and corresponds to the norms of the literary language. For example, the word "eye" has synonyms: "zenith" and "eye". They have one meaning, but are they always interchangeable? Of course not. All of them are good in their place. It would sound rather absurd if the scientist used the "zenith" instead of the word "eye". And vice versa, replacing the word "eye" with the trivial word "eye" in the poetic work completely deprives the verse of solemnity.

In Russian, the following styles and types of speech are distinguished: journalistic, business, artistic, scientific and colloquial. All of them are distinguished by the construction of sentences and the selection of words.

Most words have a neutral color and can be included in all types of speech. But some tend to attach a special shade to what is said or written. Such words can not use all types of speech, they are characteristic only of one single style: either colloquial (home-making, rambling, proassta, cook, hack-work), or artistic (avaricious, landscape, subject).

Conversational style is used in oral communication between people in everyday life, in family and friendships, as well as in works of art in the form of direct speech. It is used to exchange thoughts and information with close people. It is carried out in the form of conversations, dialogues, notes, letters. Characteristic features of the colloquial type of speech: evaluation character, emotionality, ease, sometimes lack of logic. This style is characterized by the use of common speech, emotionally-evaluative words, phraseological units. Also, the colloquial type of speech is characterized by the construction of simple sentences (including exclamatory, one-part and incomplete), frequent use of references, interjections.

The sphere of application of scientific style is engineering, science, educational process. It is used to inform about achievements in the field of the latest technologies and discoveries. The scientific style is being implemented in the form of reports, speeches, textbooks, lectures, books, debates. Its characteristic features: dry speech, logic, accuracy, abstractness and evidence. In the vocabulary of this style, words with abstract meaning prevail, nouns formed from verbs, terms.

Official relations are the main area of application of the official business type of speech. It is used to regulate business relations, issue prescriptions, instructions. It is realized in the form of contracts, business papers (statements, certificates, orders, reports, protocols, etc.). Characteristics of a business type of speech: dryness, severity and officiality.

Artistic style is applied accordingly in the fiction literature with the purpose of influence on the reader by means of a verbal image of life. It is realized in the form of novels, poems, stories, stories, essays, short stories and plays. Features characteristic of the artistic type of speech: its evaluation character, emotionality, concreteness and imagery.

The scope of the journalistic style is the politics and life of society. It is used for the purpose of influencing the masses or providing information about events and events important to society. The journalistic style is implemented in the form of brochures, debates, lectures, articles, reports and speeches. His typical features: passion, recruitment, evaluation character.

Such types of speech as the artistic, publicistic, scientific and official-business are examples of the book style.

Types of speech do not exist in isolation, they influence each other.