Perfect and imperfect verb form

The type of the verb in Russian is its constant grammatical category, as it is found in all forms of this part of speech. This same reason allows us not to refer it to predicative categories, since it can be realized not only in the role of the predicate.

The verb form is its indispensable feature. It takes a direct part in the derivation of this part of speech. All tokens with the meaning of the action are divided into two groups: perfect and imperfect verb. Means of expression have their own specifics. It is that the verb is determined by its basis, not by inflection. And this, in turn, determines the close interrelation of the lexical meaning of a part of speech with this category.

That is, the verb is a semantic category, nominative. It indicates how the action that the verb calls, passes in time. It also helps to distinguish the meaning of those utterances that consist of the same word forms. For example: It was morning. The sun was rising and it was morning. The sun rose. With the help of the view, various situations are reflected here. At the same time, this category is interpretive. This means that with its help the same event can be depicted in different ways by the subject of speech. For example: Katya did not perform the exercise. Katya did not complete the exercise. The general situation here is the same: the presence of an uncompleted exercise. However, the form of the verb explains it in different ways. The imperfect indicates that Katya did not attempt to perform the exercise, but the perfect one says that she could not fulfill it.

In the modern literature of linguists, the grammatical meaning of this category is most often determined by the difference between the integrity of the action and its limit.

Verbs related to the perfect form are called the limiting action. That is, in time it reaches such a limit, after which either ceases, or passes into the next phase. For example: Baby for the first time went and continues to walk. The tree burned down. Actions that call the perfect kind of the verb have already happened or can occur regardless of their course in time. It is impossible to raise the question of the actual, the present: what is happening now? In this sense, the action that he calls can not be divided into parts, facts and events, it seems to be integral.

Verbs related to the imperfect form are called marginal, that is, those that have a limit, but still continue in time (he reads the book), or are unlimited (belong). For this kind of question is urgent: what is happening now? It has the property of denoting an action that develops in time, but it can also denote that which has come to the end in reality.

In the structure of the sentence, the verb form, along with other means, serves to characterize the utterance. Its contextual meanings are also called private.

Verbs belonging to the perfect species mean:

1) Repetition of several actions in a particular situation. For example: The kitten will be crushed by a mouse, then released, then caught again.

2) Specific facts that occur once. For example: He ran, breathless, grabbed the forgotten things and jumped out of the room.

Verbs belonging to the imperfect form denote:

1) Situations, the attitude to which is constant. For example: I love my homeland!

2) Situations that are repeated many times. For example: Laying the children to sleep, my mother sings them songs.

Considering all the above, one can give the following definition to the mind: it is a morphological, double, nominative-explanatory category, which denotes differences in the course of any action. It is expressed by contrasting the meanings of two kinds - perfect and imperfect.