Ventilation in a boiler house in a private house: types and requirements. How to make ventilation in a boiler house of a private house

The combustion in the boiler of the fuel is accompanied by the release into the air of the boiler room of the combustion products. Ventilation in a boiler house in a private house is necessary to protect tenants from fire, explosion, carbon monoxide poisoning and other combustion products.

It has special requirements.

Ventilation of the boiler house of a private house: requirements

The presence of ventilation does not allow the appearance of reverse traction, which leads to the spread of combustion products in the individual house. The air circulation scheme in the boiler room is determined by the type of heating equipment.

Requirements for ventilation of the boiler house in a private house.

1. Air is supplied to the boiler room through special channels or openings.
2. The boiler house is part of the general ventilation system of the individual house. The outlet for air is produced through the ceiling or the upper part of the wall of the room where the boiler is located.
3. At 1 kW of the heating unit, fresh air is required through the openings of 30 cm ² when it is fed from the inside and at least 8 cm ² if the draft is made from the outside.
4. Horizontal channels on the hood should be two: one for the ventilation chimney, and the other (lower by 0.25-0.35 m) - to clean it.
5. The distance of the boiler equipment from the walls must not be less than 0.1 m.
6. The hood and air inflow are located on opposite sides of the room.

In accordance with the SNiP, the ventilation of the gas boiler house in a private house must perform a three-time exchange of air per hour. Its amount to support combustion in this case is not taken into account.

In accordance with accepted requirements and norms, the boiler house is created in several variants.

1. Separate building.
2. Extension to the house.
3. Built-in inside the house.
4. In the house, for example, in the kitchen.
5. System in the attic.
6. A block-modular system is a container with equipment.

The choice of the room is determined by the performance and dimensions of the equipment.

Gas boilers up to 30 kW can be installed in the kitchen. For liquefied gas, the basement or basement is not suitable. Fuel has a specific gravity greater than air. Gas can accumulate when leaking in the lower rooms, which is unacceptable.

Requirements for the boiler room:

• Floor area not less than 15 m ² ;
• Height of the room from 2.2 m;
• Presence of a window with an area of 3 cm ² per 1 m ³ of the boiler room volume;
• The window should open or have a window.

Natural ventilation

Ventilation in the boiler house in a private house is mainly done on natural draft. Air can come under doors or through canals in walls. Supply air at a boiler output of up to 30 kW is made not more than 15 cm in diameter and is located no higher than the working area of the boiler. In it there is a branch pipe made of plastic, which is covered with a grid from the outside, and inside it is equipped with a check valve, which prevents air from getting to the outside.

The exhaust hole is above the boiler, at the top of the room and can be provided with a check valve. Then the air will not enter the room from the outside. It is easy to install the pipe with your own hands. A metal umbrella is deposited on top of it from the precipitation.

A major drawback is the lack of control over the air exchange, which also depends on the temperature of the medium, wind force and atmospheric pressure.

Forced ventilation

For powerful boiler-houses, forced-draft ventilation systems are mounted. Fans are installed in channels with characteristics corresponding to the cross-sections. The power of the hood is taken with a margin of 25-30% in relation to the maximum load. The length of the duct, the cross-section and the number of bends are also taken into account.

The housing in which the fan is installed must be reliably protected from corrosion and fire. For this, reliable coatings, aluminum or copper alloys are used.

Forced draft is expensive for equipment and energy costs. You can reduce power consumption by using only injection or extraction. But a truly ventilating system is effective only when the fans are pumping and drawing air.

In the boiler room, an automation system is needed. It not only ensures safe operation of the equipment, but also reduces the gas consumption, reducing its consumption, when this is not necessary.

Ventilation of a boiler house in a private house: norms and rules

The basic rules relating to the boiler room ventilation are as follows.

1. The location of the exhaust duct inlet is at the top.
2. There is an additional channel for cleaning the exhaust pipe.
3. Ensure the supply of fresh air through the ventilation duct or under the doors.
4. If the air supply is made from the street, the size of the blowout for 1 kW of power is not less than 8 cm ² , and for inflow from other premises - from 30 cm ² .

Chimney for boiler room ventilation

Ventilation in the boiler house in a private house is equipped with a separate chimney, not connected with the hood of the heating system. For him, separate rules and norms have been developed.

1. Do not allow combustion products from the firebox to enter the room. The diameter and length of the exhaust pipe are determined by the capacity of the boiler.
2. To create the necessary traction, the outlet part of the chimney must rise above the ridge of the roof by at least 2 m.

Calculation of the ventilation system

A 3-hour air exchange per hour is achieved in the boiler room with an optimum height of 6 m. Due to the fact that it is difficult to provide it in a private house, the air exchange is increased by 25% per meter of altitude reduction.

Simplified calculation of ventilation of the boiler house includes the following parameters:

• Volume v = b * l * h, where b - width, l - length, h - height of the room;
• Air velocity w = 1 m / s;
• Coefficient of increase in the air exchange rate k = (6-h) * 0.25 + 3.

Example calculation

The dimensions of the boiler room are 3x4x3.5 m.

We define v = 3 * 4 * 3,5 = 42 m ³ ; K = (6 - 3.5) * 0.25 + 3 = 3.6.

For 1 hour, natural ventilation ensures the passage of air in an amount of V = 3.6 * 42 = 151 m ³ .

The cross-sectional area of the duct of the exhaust pipe is S = V / (v * t) = 151 / (1 * 3600) = 0.042 m ² .

On this indicator, you can choose the nearest inner diameter of the hood from the standard range d = 200 mm. The same section must have an inlet opening.

When the ventilation shaft is installed, when its cross-section is less than the calculated one, forced ventilation is done to compensate for the lack of performance.

Features of installation of ventilation system

With natural ventilation, air channels are located only vertically, at least 3 m. For forced, horizontal sections can be installed, but without turning.

Any homeowner is interested in the question of how to make ventilation in the boiler house of a private house better? The best option involves both methods of ventilation. When one of them refuses, you can apply another. In both versions, it is necessary that the incoming air volume is equal to the outgoing air, which is ensured by the operation of the fans and dampers. But it is important here to ensure the required system performance.

The location of the equipment must be carried out in accordance with SNIP. When using solid fuel boilers, additional fans should be installed in place of the occurrence of soot.

Installation of natural ventilation

Pribochnaya ventilation in the boiler house of a private house is done as follows.

1. A pipe is attached to the wall and its dimensions are noted.
2. A channel with a slope of 6 ⁰ outwards to drain the condensate is pierced by a perforator.
3. A tube with a lining of a heater and a lattice outside is inserted into an aperture.
4. An enclosure with a check valve is attached to the wall with dowels.

Exhaust ventilation is done similarly, only the pipe is installed vertically.

Mounting of forced ventilation

The presence of a fan significantly improves system performance. The ventilation is simple.

1. A diamond crown or perforator makes a hole in the wall with a slope towards the street.
2. A pipe is installed in the hole. The slits fade.
3. The duct fan is installed.
4. A wiring is installed and connected to power the fan motor.
5. The sensors, a silencer and a filter are installed.
6. At both ends of the pipe, grilles are attached.

Exhaust ventilation is set similarly, only the air should be drawn out, not pumped.

Conclusion

Ventilation in a boiler house in a private house must fully comply with the requirements and norms. All of them are aimed at providing security in the home. The best option is a combined system, which can operate under the scheme of natural and forced ventilation.