French physician Claude Bernard: biography, achievements and interesting facts

In every country there are outstanding scientists. Of course, our country is also rich in them and continues to be replenished by the minds of scientists. But today you will find out who is the physician Bernard Claude. Also you will discover secrets and facts from his biography. You will learn about his achievements in the field of medicine, and what syndrome is named after this doctor.

Introduction

Known to doctors and doctors Claude Bernard, a physician from France, became famous as a researcher of processes of internal secretion, deservedly considered the founder of the science of endocrinology, and is also the author of a large number of scientific papers. Despite the fact that the methods and ideas about physiology are developing rapidly and moving forward, researches and monographs of the scientist are relevant to this day. In medical circles, the name of the scientist still raises delight and admiration, and his amazing creativity interests both young and experienced doctors. Claude Bernard is considered the founder of experimental medicine. In the scientific works of this doctor each reader will find for himself a lot of useful thoughts that can not be underestimated. If you have a desire to learn how the great physiologist of France lived and worked, then read on!

short biography

Claude Bernard was born on July 12 in 1813 in the town of Villfranche near Lyon (south-east of France). Young Claude mastered the classical education in the Jesuit college.

He worked very long in his laboratory. These works were not in vain. Bernard found success and fame in certain circles. He had his disciples and followers.

An outstanding French scientist died on February 10 in 1878. He was 65 years old. Death found the professor when he experimented with his talented student Arsen Darsonval. The authorities of France held a public funeral for the scientist, and a little later his name was called the University in Lyon. Today, scientists are awarded the Bernard Prize for their discoveries in endocrinology.

Literary Beginning

Bernard Claude was a very serious boy. He was different from his peers with dreaminess and taciturnity. From a young age I saw myself not in science, but in literary creation. But since his father was not rich, the family needed money, Claude had to quit school. He became a disciple of the apothecary, at which time he composed the first literary work - vaudeville. It so happened that this vaudeville was staged on the stage of a theater in Lyon.

Encouraged by the success, the young author wrote a historical drama called "Arthur of Brittany". The writer took the manuscript to Paris for a review of criticism on literature by Girardin. But he urged the young man to leave poetry, and start again to practice medicine. Claude Bernard followed the advice, and later he said that he did not regret that he had left writing.

A few years later, in 1834, he entered the Higher School of Medicine in Paris. There he became a pupil of the physiologist Mohendi, who at the time was a member of the National Academy of Sciences in Medicine. Also Mohendi was her vice-president.

Work with a scientist

In 1839, Claude graduated, and at the same time Mozandi invited him to his work in the laboratory of the College de France. Eight years later, Bernard is the deputy Mojendi.

Claude's laboratory was located in a small room. Nearby there was an audience for students, and in front of the benches was a table for experiments. It is impossible to imagine, but in this close environment the scientist discovered a lot in the field of experimental physiology.

Scientist Claude Bernard worked in all known at that time areas of physiology. The activities of Claude in science and medicine are divided into two periods:

• 1843-1868;
• 1868-1877 gg.

In the first period he was engaged in the ideas of pathological and normal physiology. Especially fruitful was the year 1843. Then the thirty-year-old medic published the first scientific works on the role of one of the glands in the body of animals, the importance of the pancreas in digestion of fats, and the process of their assimilation.

Bernard became the founder of endocrinology, when he carried out successful classical studies of one of the glands - pancreas. Soon the doctor defends the doctor's, devoted to the research of the properties of gastric juice and its role in the process of digestion. In 1849, the physician opened the Society of Biologists, and in 1867 was appointed its president. This year in the scientific career of Bernard was also significant. He made another major discovery. Bernard Claude found out that sugar from the intestine entering the liver turns into glycogen.

The scientist also thoroughly studied the carbohydrate metabolism, what role the liver and central nervous system play in it. Also, the physician proved that they are involved in the process of carbohydrate metabolism, and also that the liver is the most important heat producer in the animal body.

Claude Bernard Syndrome

This syndrome is often called Horner's disease. And it should be noted that Dr. Horner himself discovered the syndrome, but Claude Bernard noticed and described the symptoms of the disease much earlier. The Bernard-Horner syndrome is a disease that causes damage to the sympathetic nervous system in the body. There is at the syndrome one more name - oculosympathetic. From the Latin "oculus" - the eye. There is a syndrome not only on the muscles around the eyes, but also on the visual organ itself.

Bernard described in his years these are the symptoms:

• Slowing the adaptive abilities of the pupil;
• Heterochronism;
• Enophthalmos, or sinking of the body of the eyeball;
• Miosis, or unnatural narrowing of the pupils, and others.

Conclusion

To overestimate Bernard's contribution to the development of medicine, and in particular endocrinology, physiology and pathophysiology, is impossible! About his writings and discoveries can be written for a very long time. But in conclusion we should note a few more words and facts. In addition to physiology and endocrinology, Professor Bernard laid the foundations of pharmacology and even toxicology.

In 1964, the scientific world of physicians was shocked by Bernard's next fundamental work, "Introduction to Experimental Medicine." It was this scientist who introduced the method of experimental research into the science of physiology .

His students were residents of different countries, among them researchers from England, Germany, America. In the scientific and experimental laboratory of Claude Bernard, our national physicians and biologists also worked: NM Yakubovich, IM Sechenov, FV Ovsyannikov, and IR Tarkhanov.

The scientist was noticed even in the philosophical science, his works were of great importance for the science of wisdom, and also significantly influenced physiology and other related sciences.