TNP: an abbreviation

The alphabetic abbreviation of TNP refers to multivalued terms:

• Transnefteprodukt;
• Thermal imaging observation device;
• Common consumption goods.

How is TNP deciphered and where is it used?

1. The abbreviation TNP (decoding - "Transnefteprodukt") is used by all employees of a huge concern for the speed of the transfer of the name often used and familiar to them. It is a company engaged in transport logistics of white oil products, such as diesel fuel, gasoline, kerosene, is a part of Transneft. The general population of the country does not use this phrase, compiled by the company's specialists for the sake of brevity of the title transfer.
2. The term TNP (decoding - "thermal imaging device") is used by manufacturers of thermal imagers. Users of these devices use them to observe changes in the temperature background in the treatment of diseases, in the manufacture of complex mechanisms, in examining closed sections of electrical circuits to monitor short circuits, to detect camouflaged military units, and to estimate heat loss.
3. The abbreviation TNP (decoding - "consumer goods"), used to save paper at a huge frequency of use, is familiar not only to those who studied the basics of economic theory. With consumer goods as objects for personal use, everyone is confronted.

Economic theory: the basis for understanding

Decipher TNP (consumer goods) without resorting to the terminology of the economic theory of the Soviet period is quite difficult. This is a science that studies the problem of choice, when there are conditions of limited resources that do not allow to meet the needs of the population to the maximum.

The concept of consumer goods (decoding - "consumer goods") characterizes the type of products for personal consumption, in contrast to products for the means of production.

In economic theory, it is common to divide all goods into two groups:

• Group A - manufactured goods for further production of other products.
• Group B - goods manufactured for personal needs: food (food), medical and non-food.

Trade classification of food (food) goods

• Soft drinks.
• Wine and vodka products.
• Dairy.
• Oily.
• Meat.
• Sausage.
• Confectioneries.
• Fish.
• Fruits, vegetables and fruits.
• Edible fats.
• Tobacco products.
• Bakery products.
• Egg products.

Classification of food products, used by trading enterprises (traditional retail, network retail)

Grocery Group:

• coffee;
• pasta;
• flour;
• Cereals;
• Spices and spices;
• vegetable oil;
• sugar;
• salt.

Gastronomic group:

• Meat gastronomy;
• Fish gastronomy;
• Milk gastronomy:
• Canned goods.

Classification of medical products

1. Materials - goods, one-time used in the process of treatment and diagnosis (dressing, suture, etc.)
2. Products:

• Medical equipment - devices, instruments, tools, supplies and equipment.
• Subjects used by medical personnel in the care of patients.

Classification of non-food products

• Goods produced by light industry: dry goods, fur goods , footwear, knitwear, garments, textiles.
• Household: electrical household goods, plastic products, metal, building, furniture, household chemicals, dishes.
• Cultural and household goods: cars, watches, computers, telephones, cameras, music, sports, leisure, office equipment, stationery, toys.
• Goods for hygiene: perfumery, cosmetics.
• Souvenir products and decorations.
• Biotags: seeds, flowers, pet products.
• Products of oil refining: fuel and lubricating oils.

The system of transport and warehouse logistics, established in Russia

Provision of the population with goods in the Soviet Union took place within the planning and distribution system. All products that were produced at the enterprises of the USSR or imported were distributed according to the requests agreed in the line ministries.

The operating time of the current system of security has been going on for the last twenty-five years. Naturally, the prototype was the supply of goods abroad, but with a lot of deviations from the rules.

Such an interesting form, as wholesale bases (markets), selling goods at retail, almost individually, could develop only in conditions of "wild" market relations.

The basic (conventional) supply chain looks simple enough. Manufacturing company - a large wholesale (most often a distributor) - medium and small wholesale - retail.

Warehouse Logistics

A modern warehouse for non-food products must meet the requirements of the warehousing industry (if they are adopted at the legislative level). Most often, it is the state of the warehouse's equipment that is equipped with load-lifting mechanisms, the presence of a computerized system of accounting for arriving and shipped goods, with their binding to a certain cell, that the state of affairs in the enterprise can be judged. Investments in warehouse equipment - a significant part of the costs of a wholesale company.

Huge warehouses for food are erected, if the goods can be stored long enough. Frozen goods are stored in refrigerated warehouses equipped with deep freeze chambers, the cargo is transported by refrigerators.

Warehouses of medium and small wholesale are most often equipped only with racks, the main load-lifting equipment is loaders. The intensity of labor of workers in such warehouses is enormous, and the monetary reward is often miserly. The turnover of staff among loaders is one of the highest among other similar professions. And most often the salary consists of two components: official and "in the envelope."

Transport logistics

Delivery of consumer goods to warehouses of large wholesale is usually carried out by heavy trucks (wagons), unloading takes very little time. The goods in this scheme must be loaded into pallets and wrapped with shrink film (zapletiletirovan).

In transportation for long distances the potential of the railways of Russia is involved. Although this is long, but reliable. Cases of loss of goods or the arrival of it not to the destination are more likely incidents than the norm.

Delivery of imported goods is carried out by sea vessels (it is reloaded to warehouses of temporary storage, then it is transported by trucks all over the country), by rail (rarely) and by heavy trucks. The river fleet is involved in these schemes relatively rarely, mainly for remote areas of Siberia and the Far East.

Medium and small wholesale accepts machines loaded to the maximum to fully utilize the permissible carrying capacity. In these cases, palletizing is not even mentioned in the applications when hiring a vehicle. Loading and unloading from such machines takes a very long time, even if the warehouse is equipped with conveyors.

Transportation of consumer goods to retail is carried out more often by machines with a carrying capacity of up to 1.5 tons. Warehouses of trading enterprises usually can not accommodate a large number of goods, and the completeness of the range is an immutable rule of trade. Because the goods are delivered in small lots and often.