The minimum consumer budget of a family of 4 people. The concept of the minimum consumer budget and its magnitude. What is included in the minimum consumer budget?

In the whole history of mankind, beginning from the most ancient empires and the emergence of political and economic institutions and ending with modern society, information about the situation of the population is of paramount importance. It reflects the level of development of the state.

New time - new concepts

The development of modern society was accompanied by the emergence of socio-economic institutions. Along with this, the system for analyzing the standard of living was improved. Exceptionally, physiological needs have been pushed to the background in the course of time, and the field of satisfaction of the general needs of the population has come to the forefront. By the end of the 19th century, the socio-demographic profile of the planet had changed significantly, the productivity and education of people had increased dramatically. All this led to the emergence of qualitatively new needs in assessing the living conditions of the population. It was time for large-scale wars and technological breakthrough. During this period, the assessment of the social situation was of increasing economic and political importance. With the advent of new statistical, sociological, mathematical methods, the concept of "standard of living" has reached a new level.

Basic social norms

Today they include:

• Minimum wage and disablement allowance (temporary), unemployment compensation for able-bodied citizens, social and labor pensions for disabled, disabled, elderly.
• Scholarships for students, one-time or regular payments to low-income categories of the population.

In the complex, they form a system of minimum social guarantees. Their provision is the duty of the state. The population has the right to receive minimum wages, labor pensions, insurance benefits, including sickness, unemployment, childcare, maternity and so on, as well as the necessary free services in the fields of culture, health and education. The core of the state's social policy is the subsistence minimum. It is with him that all other social guarantees and standards should interact.

Expenditure-income articles: general information, classification

The formation of articles and their subsequent comparison is of great importance for the effective management of any economy. Based on the results obtained, it is concluded how profitable and useful the activity is, and what changes must be made to improve the situation. In accordance with the degree of satisfaction of needs are distinguished:

• The minimum consumer budget. It is compiled according to the indicators of the needs of the first necessity.
• Rational budget. At its drawing up not real expenses and incomes, and the indicators deduced from scientifically proved representations about needs and norms of distribution are taken. Such a budget allows you to determine the deviation of real consumption. He acts as a guide, which indicates what should be the distribution of essential goods "in the ideal."
• Elite budget. It is made up for groups with high incomes.

The minimum consumer budget is fairly widely used. It is, as a rule, those who lead a household. For example, the minimum consumer budget of a family of 4 people is a table. In one part, all the incomes that were received for a specific period are listed, and in the other, expenses for the same period. The other way is the average budget. In this case, the incomes and expenditures are average for the country. This takes into account the consumer basket. And the minimum consumer budget, both averaged and real, are compiled in accordance with statistical data obtained in the course of special studies of income and expenditure. As a rule, the study is conducted once a quarter. The minimum consumer budget of the Russian Federation is compiled from statistical studies in cities with a population of more than one hundred thousand, in 32 small and medium-sized settlements, and 58 rural settlements. In total, about five thousand households are being studied.

Calculation of the minimum consumer budget

When determining indicators, the following methods are used:

1. Normative. In this case, the rates of consumption of services and goods, as well as their actual cost, are taken as a basis.
2. Statistical. Using this method, the minimum consumer budget is compiled on the basis of the incomes actually available to the population.
3. Combined. In this case, the standards for food and actual expenses for other items are taken into account.
4. Subjective. This method is based on public opinion and a survey of experts.
5. Resource. The minimum consumer budget in this case is compiled in accordance with the state's ability to provide citizens with the satisfaction of basic needs.

Expendable-income articles can be formed not only for certain groups of the population, but also for certain regions of the country.

The minimum consumer budget of Russia

Each period is characterized by a certain level of material security, in which the process of reproduction of labor and population will proceed normally. When compiling expenditure-income items, they may include various services and goods. What is included in the minimum consumer budget is considered to be a basic need, through which the most important needs can be met. In particular, they include shoes, linen, food, clothing, sanitation, medicines and so on. The magnitude of the minimum consumer budget depends on the level at which the productive forces of the country are located. In most cases, the compilation of articles is carried out by multiplying the norms and norms by retail value. If they are not available, then indirect data are taken as a basis. As the base on which the domestic system of material security is, the minimum consumer budget and the subsistence minimum is advocated. The differences between them are in the valuation of the structure and volume of distribution of products. The concept of the minimum consumer budget provides, among other things, accounting for expenditures on certain spiritual needs. In general, it includes the costs for a wider range of services and goods. Therefore, the size of the minimum consumer budget is 3-4 times more.

Socio-economic situation of the population

The gradual transition from "average citizens" to housekeeping was quite significant in the characterization of the standard of living. It became the central object of all social studies. This was facilitated by the adoption in 1992 of the methodology of the national system of accounts. In it, the population was first defined as a full-fledged subject of macroeconomic constructs. To obtain a reasonable estimate of the socio-economic level, it is necessary to take into account that the minimum consumer budget is related to the category of certain income-property and socio-demographic development. Today, the attention and requirements to the security of the population have significantly increased.

Analysis of the situation

The assessment of the standard of living is carried out for the municipality as a whole. This takes into account:

• Accumulated property.
• Standards of quality of life, adopted by the society on the assessment of income.
• Monetary savings.
• Expenditures and consumption of the population.
• The provision of objects of culture, trade, housing, art, communications, transportation, consumer services, education, health care and so on.
• State of protection of vulnerable groups.
• The volume of consumption of non-food products.

The evaluation system uses indicators:

• The average salary.
• The subsistence level of certain demographic groups.
• Purchasing power with cf. Salary and pension.
• The minimum consumer budget for certain demographic categories of the population.
• Monetary expenses and incomes of the main groups of citizens.
• The number and share of citizens whose average per capita income is less than the physiological (subsistence) minimum and the minimum consumer budget.
• Distribution of food products for households that have different income.

The most important indicator

As it is the cost of living. The interpretation of this definition is given in the Methodological Provisions of Statistics. Its indicator, for the determination of which is based on the minimum consumer budget, is related to the category of social guarantees of the state. He expresses the physiological needs of the man of first necessity. The subsistence minimum determines the level of consumption of services and goods, which is considered sufficient to ensure normal life.

Scope of application

The subsistence minimum, in addition to being connected with the system of state social guarantees, is used in determining the poverty threshold, serves as a basis for establishing and differentiating wages, pensions, various benefits and compensations. It is used to calculate benefits for needy citizens.

Interconnection of elements

The definition of the subsistence minimum, as was said above, is carried out using the indicators of the minimum consumer budget. In this case, the level of income is taken into account, which allows satisfying the needs of a person in accordance with physiological norms. They, in turn, must cover the energy costs of the body for the development and growth of children, the life of adults, the preservation of health in old age and the cost of other services and basic necessities. The minimum consumer budget is set according to the age, gender and location and the permanent activity of the person. Its amount is periodically reviewed in accordance with the dynamics of prices. To determine it, the value of the consumer basket is of great importance.

Core Standards

The set of products is set according to the minimum consumption by the Institute of Nutrition with the participation of WHO. The minimum basket is differentiated according to 8 natural climatic zones. The division of the territory was carried out in accordance with the quantitative assessment of the factors that determine the cultural and material needs of the population, depending on the conditions in which the population resides. The norms for non-food goods and services, as well as compulsory payments, are set according to the share of expenditures of families with low incomes. As the information base, materials of the study of the structure of expenditures of 10% of the population with the lowest security.

Welfare assessment

To create favorable conditions for reproduction, it is necessary not only to effectively manage the household, but also to plan the minimum consumer budget correctly. Families of 4 people can have the following incomes:

• Salary.
• Income from property.
• Entrepreneurial profit.
• State subsidies (pension, allowance, scholarship, free services).
• Income from other sources (inheritance, for example).

The following items can be included in the expenditure part:

• Taxes.
• Social insurance.
• Food.
• Rent, utilities.
• Shoes and clothes.
• Appliances.
• Furniture.
• Transport.
• Entertainment.
• Education.
• Accumulation.
• Travels.
• Industrial goods.
• Other expenses.

The highest income among incomes in most families is wages and commercial profit. Usually they determine the welfare of the family. The next most important is profit from property. It can be rent, rent, dividends, interest and so on. As for expenses, the first place in them is spent on food. In families whose income is below the minimum, they make up about 60-90%, and in high-yield - 42%. In the USA, for comparison, the indicator is at the level of 25.4%, in Japan - 25-30%. According to research conducted by American specialists, the volume of domestic consumption at the beginning of the 90's. Amounted to 34.4% of the level in America, clothing - 39%, and products - 54%. When drawing up a budget, one should take into account that a lot of expenses are completely unreasonable. For example, domestic economists have established that by the beginning of the 90s about 15-20% of bakery products were thrown away. After rising prices, the population began to treat them more carefully. As for other products (meat, milk), the average family loses about 4-12% of its total income by its own fault .

Set norms

The concept of "consumer basket" was first introduced in 1992 by the Presidential Decree. Then it was assumed that this is a temporary measure for the crisis period. When establishing the basket, people proceeded from the assumption that the population has some food stocks, and is running a farm. FZ, regulating its compilation, was adopted in March 2006. According to the act, the share of meat and fish products, milk, eggs, sugar and fruits was increased in the basket. At the same time, the norms of potato and bread consumption were reduced. According to Dr. Baturin, the basket is not designed to feed in this way. It is only an economic standard that shows that with a minimal consumer budget, it is possible to compile a normal daily diet according to medical indicators, within which it is possible to ensure a healthy state.

Finally

The main goal of any modern society is improving the life of the population. The state should provide favorable conditions for a healthy, safe, long and prosperous life. This is possible only in the case of creating social and economic stability in society. The standards adopted abroad are significantly different from domestic ones. At the same time, it should be noted that less than half of the income is spent on food in developed countries. Most of them go to pay for utilities and housing. As for the Russian consumer basket, it is also fundamentally different from the western one. On its basis, the minimum wage and benefits are established. The minimum consumer budget is also far from ideal. The fact that it depends on many indicators - the same basket, SMIC and so on.