The first agricultural exhibition in Russia by whom and when was organized and held?

The first Russian exhibitions began to be held in the XIX century. The Ministry of Finance became the initiator of their creation. In 1837, the Ministry of State Property was established, it paid special attention to the development of agriculture. The first agricultural exhibition in Russia contributed to the formation of special interests, increased the incentive for the development of livestock and the agricultural sector.

Preparation for the first exhibition

In 1842, Tsar Nicholas I was presented with a proposal from the Ministry of State Property to create exhibition events, where works of rural crafts, livestock and agriculture will be demonstrated. At that time the Ministry was headed by PD Kiselev, and he proposed holding the first exhibition in Novorossiysk Province. The main subject of the show at that time were animals. Nicholas I approved this proposal. So in 1842, the Decree was issued on the procedure for holding exhibitions in Russia.

The first agricultural exhibition in Russia was prepared very carefully, it was covered in detail in the press. In January 1842, the "Odessa Herald" published the contents of the Decree on holding the exhibition. In February, everyone got acquainted with the Rules of the exhibition, they contained nineteen paragraphs. A little later, everyone recognized the Review Program. Only animals of the Novorossiysk gubernia were admitted to the exhibition: bulls, oxen, sheep, horses, cows, pigs. In July 1843, Nicholas I approved a drawing of the medal for awarding the best participants. One side contained the image of the animal, the other - an inscription that marked that the award was presented by the Ministry of State Property.

Organization of an exhibition in Odessa

The first agricultural exhibition in Russia in 1843 was opened in Odessa in September. At the same time, the Krestovozdvizhenskaya Fair was also opened, it was already the ninth since the time of its approval. The Society of Agriculture of the Southern District took an active part in the animal show. From the descriptions of the first participants of the exhibition of pets, you can find out that all Odessa residents were happy to attend the event. Such an event was held in these parts for the first time, and it was interesting for everyone to witness an unusual parade of rural animals. The first agricultural exhibition in Russia was not yet represented by a large number of participants, but it was clear to everyone that such an event would be of great benefit in the development of agriculture. Immediately decided to hold a similar exhibition here and next year for the Novorossiysk provinces, the organization was entrusted to the Society of Agriculture. It is worth noting that in the Yaroslavl province in the same year also hosted an agricultural exhibition.

Winner's reward ceremony

After the first agricultural exhibition in Russia was over, solemn presentation of awards to winners was held. The heroes of this ceremony were rural animals. Such an extraordinary sight in Odessa, and in all of Russia was not yet, so hundreds gathered curious. The event became a popular super-holiday. A special place was decorated with flags, a lot of people gathered near the fair building. The protocol of the Imperial Agricultural Society on the results of the three-day exhibition was read by the commissioners of "various ranks." Animals, crowned with awards, to the sound of music passed in a circle. After all the medals were awarded, the winners were decorated with flowers, ribbons and held fairs around them. After that, the procession spilled over onto the main streets of the city, where he was greeted by gay residents. Music sounded all the way.

Subsequent exhibitions

After the successful holding of the first exhibitions in 1845, Nicholas I proclaimed "the highest command". It was ordered to convert the exhibition of domestic animals, expand the display of other works of agriculture. A major role in this movement was played by Minister PD Kiselev, precisely during this period he was engaged in agricultural reforms in Russia. The emperor understood that the experience of exhibitions is very useful for the development of agriculture, and instructed the minister to distribute exhibition experience throughout Russia. So later such events began to be held first in the Novorossiysk region, and then on.

For six years in 1843-1849 in the different parts of the empire were organized and held 23 such events. During this time, 5,802 exhibits took part, 14,076 subjects were presented, and 1,918 participants won awards. Who took part in these exhibitions? Mostly, by order of local officials, the state peasants. In 1849 the Ministry established six districts (each included 5-6 provinces), which regularly held exhibitions. In 1849, the All-Russian Agricultural and Handicraft Exhibition was organized. The experience gained made it possible to form similar measures and to develop not only the agricultural sector, but also artisanal and factory production.

Exhibition in St. Petersburg

In 1850, on the initiative of the Free Economic Society in St. Petersburg, an agricultural exhibition was organized. It was held in the present Central Exhibition Hall (formerly the Manege of the Life Guards of the Horse Regiment). Since then, for exhibitions in St. Petersburg, often began to use capacious capital buildings - arenas, eksertsigrauzy, palaces. The exposition presented about 3,000 exhibits from all over Russia. The decoration of the exhibition was entrusted to the architect Corsini. In the center was placed a small gazebo on the type of a rural church. Decorated her with sheaves, greens, plants, flowers, farming. For the first time, a folklore show was organized, for which peasants were invited in the festive robes of the Courland, Vyborg and Mogilev gubernias. The exhibition interior was decorated also with tropical plants, an abundance of vegetables, fruits. A gallery was organized nearby, where the first exhibition of heavy-horse horses was held.

Moscow Exhibition

The Imperial Moscow Society of Agriculture in 1846 organized the first exposition in the arena. Then the agricultural exhibition in 1852 became a loud event in the life of the city. The most diverse sections of society were drawn. On the day of the arena visited several thousand people. The building was decorated with flowers, ears, vegetables, fruits. Each visitor stopped before a huge map that depicted the European part of Russia. This exhibition was the first time to equip the corners of the regional exhibits, where exhibitors from different corners of the country presented their achievements. Unusually looked "eastern tent", in front of which stood two mannequins in national costumes: a mountaineer and a Caucasian woman. Presented here were departments for truck farmers, sericulture. Foreign visitors were invited for the first time, who showed American harvesters.

The history of VDNKh

In the place where the Ostankino swamps were located, in 1934 the NKVD officers dispersed the gypsy camp, and four years later one of the most popular places among the guests of the capital appeared - an agricultural exhibition at the Exhibition of Economic Achievements. According to statistics, each of the eight inhabitants of the planet visited here. The history of creation began at the Second All-Union Congress of Collective Farmers. The delegates appealed to the Communist Party, and the Main Exhibition Committee was organized by order of the bodies.

To participate in the All-Union Exhibition, the best were selected. During the period from 1937 to 1938, the state farms, collective farms, and MTS were to present certain high indicators, organizers and leaders of production for 1938. It is thanks to this condition of exhibitors at the exhibition was a huge amount.

The popularity of the agricultural exhibition in the USSR

Popularity among the population of the Exhibition of Achievements of the National Economy has become simply enormous. 250 thousand exhibitors have applied for the right to participate in it. The exhibition committee set high awards for the winners. It was planned to hand over one thousand diplomas of the first degree and four thousand diplomas of the second degree. Laureates of diplomas of the first degree received a car and ten thousand rubles, the second - five thousand and a motorcycle. For the foremost, three thousand large and small gold medals and eighteen thousand large and small silver medals were prepared. Also, the Book of Honor was opened, in which each winning exhibitor and all his achievements were recorded.

Construction VDNH was in those years the most global project, which made a significant contribution to the Moscow architecture. The exhibition city occupied 136 hectares of the area, including parks, ponds, 250 buildings.

The first agricultural exhibition in Russia, the date of which was in the middle of the XIX century, certainly was not compared to this global project, with this power erected in the XX century.

Opening of VDNKh

The exhibition city was prepared for the opening by the entire Soviet people. The best of the best masters worked here. Architects Gailfrech, Shchuko, Chechulin, Polyakov, sculptures and monumentalists Motovilov, Konenkov, Bubnov, Deineka and others. More than two thousand professionals headed by architect Chernyshev.

An event was held on the opening of August 1, 1939. Present at the same time the leaders of the Soviet state. All the guests were met by the famous sculpture Mukhina "Worker and Collective Farm Girl". The emblem of the exhibition was no less famous composition of the collective farmer and tractor driver who kept a sheaf of golden ears above their heads. The figure towered on the 50-meter tower of the Main Pavilion of the exhibition. The main pavilion of the All-Union Agricultural Exhibition was decorated with the coats of arms of all national republics. In front of the entrance to the pavilion was a vast area of collective farms. In a circle pavilions were located, where all the republics, regions and regions were separately represented. Each building was characterized by originality, traditions of the peoples of one or another nationality. After a walk through the pavilions, there was a feeling of travel across the vast country: from the northern latitudes to the tropics, from the Baltic to the Far East. So vast was our country, where everyone was proud of their belonging to it.