Postpartum paresis of the cow: treatment. Complications after delivery in cows

There are a number of non-infectious diseases that you should pay attention to when raising cattle. They include postpartum paresis of a cow. Treatment is not difficult and is not costly. However, the loss of the disease brings considerable. Most of all, such a loss hits the farms where cows are organized as a business. The case of a single head in a small farm significantly affects the profitability of production.

Postpartum paresis in cows

Severe, acute nerve disease, which is accompanied by partial paralysis of the tongue, throat, extremities, intestine, until loss of consciousness is called postpartum paresis in a cow. Treatment should be started immediately to prevent a fatal outcome.

Risk groups

Until now, the exact cause of the disease has not been established. It is known that it provokes an acute shortage of calcium in the body of the animal against the background of a sharp drop in the sugar content in the blood. A solid cow directs all its forces to the formation of the fetus, including calcium. A diet that is not balanced by mineral substances can provoke maternal paresis in cows.

Most of the high-risk animals fall into the risk group. In all likelihood, this is due to the fact that high milk yields require more calcium. Well-fed animals, for whom they do not spare concentrated fodder, are also at risk.

The sturgeon period and the age of 5-8 years, when the cow is at the peak of its productivity, the common cold is the concomitant factors of the disease.

Signs of the disease

As a rule, the development of the disease occurs in the first three days after a quick and easy calving. Although, as practice shows, in a cow, labor in most cases requires assistance and human intervention. Less often observed development of the paresis from several weeks to 1-2 months. Absolute exception is the manifestation of the disease of cows and during calving.

First signs of the onset of the disease:

• Sluggishness of the animal;
• Poor appetite;
• Absence of chewing gum;
• Noticeable trembling;
• There is no peristalsis of the rumen and intestines;
• Pain sensitivity is practically absent.

With a significant deterioration of the state, the cow can not rise to its feet. Specific and the position in which the animal lies: legs are bent under the stomach, and the head is turned to one side. The neck is arched with a characteristic S-shaped curvature. The feet and horns are cold to the touch, the eyes are half-closed and watery, the pupils are dilated. In severe cases, the body temperature drops to a value of 35 ° -36 °.

The animal does not have urination and feces. When paralysis of the pharynx, the tongue falls out of the mouth, there is abundant salivation. Some individuals are in an excited state for a short while, they can shake their head sharply, throwing it back. They turn around, creak their teeth, fight against the walls, loudly moan. After a short period of activity, the cow subsides and becomes depressed.

Treatment

Do not let the post-partum paresis in the cow run out of its own accord. Treatment, started immediately, reduces the death rate from the disease to 4%. For comparison: if you do not take any measures in the first hours, 70% of animals die.

A special apparatus of Evers in all four parts of the udder is blown through the nipples air. To do this, they are pre-treated with a 70% ethanol solution. Before the procedure, the cow is surrendered in the dorsal-lateral position. The air is injected with sterile milk catheters. The injection is carried out until the skin folds on the udder. Be sure to massage the udder for an even distribution of air.

To avoid air escape, the nipples are bandaged at the base with a bandage or stripes of gauze. In this position, leave the animal for 30-45 minutes. If after 8 hours no improvement has occurred, the procedure is repeated. After the cow gets up, after 1-2 hours it can be eaten, while the air from the udder is not squeezed.

Instead of air, you can enter 200-500 ml of fresh milk into each portion of the udder. It must be necessarily from a healthy cow.

To facilitate the animal's condition, a 20% glucose solution with a volume of up to 200 ml and a 10% solution of calcium chloride up to 150 ml are injected intravenously. A 10% solution of caffeine is injected subcutaneously. It is recommended active grinding of the sides and extremities, wrapping the animal, hot enema (up to 45 ^o ).

Complications

In the rapid and severe course of the disease of animal life, tympanism can be threatened, this is one of the complications that causes postnatal paresis in a cow. Treatment is reduced to puncturing the scar with a thick needle or trocar, after which up to 400 ml of 5% alcohol solution of ichthyol or 40 ml of formalin solution is injected into the cavity.

In no case can you inject liquid medicine through the mouth, because of partial paralysis of the pharynx, it can get into the trachea.

The measures taken in 2-3 days will completely cure the animal without any consequences for his health. Perhaps this will never happen again, and perhaps a cow after calving each time will experience postpartum paresis.

Prevention of postpartum paresis

To avoid the disease, adhere to the following rules:

• Do not allow overfeeding of cows in the dry period and in the stage of attenuation of lactation;
• Carefully monitor the balance of the diet for micro- and macro-elements;
• The percentage of coarse and concentrated feed in the animals' diet should be strictly observed;
• Control the timely launch of cows;
• Provide livestock with a regular active exercise.

Farms for cows should be equipped with special generic boxes, where the animal is placed before calving. You can not have drafts in the maternity ward.

For high-yielding cows, previously ill with postpartum paresis, provide such preventive measures: two times, 7-10 days before calving, intramuscularly injected vitamin D ₃ at a dose of 3-4 million units. The diet is administered sugar, 200-300 grams per day for several days before and after calving.

Postpartum complications

In a cow, childbirth is almost always associated with a risk of complications. One of the main reasons is the incorrect position of the fetus in the uterus. Without the help of man, the calf may suffocate and be born dead. Sometimes the account goes for a minute, and there simply is not time to wait for a specialist. That is why it is important that the staff on the farm for cows be trained in basic maternity skills. Even if assistance has been rendered in a timely manner and there are no visible violations, the expert should examine the animal, if necessary, provide additional help or prescribe a course of treatment.

Prenatal or postnatal

Complications after childbirth are different in severity and transit time. The most common include prenatal or postnatal. The first occurs a few days or weeks before calving. The second occurs suddenly after childbirth.

Causes : avitaminosis, hypovitaminosis, osteomalacia, mineral fasting, rheumatism, general weakness.

Symptoms : Depending on the underlying cause, there are corresponding signs. For example, the loss of sensitivity of the back of the body in the defeat of the sacral or lumbar spinal cord. Segregation can be accompanied by severe complications: pressure sores, exhaustion, infection of blood, leading to the death of the animal.

Detention of the afterbirth

With successfully passing births, the membranes are retained in the uterus for no more than 8 hours. Delayed release of the afterburn can lead to serious complications right up to the infertility of the animal. The cause of this phenomenon can be a disease of the uterine muscles, infringement of the afterbirth in the non-pregnant horn or premature closure of the cervix, weak attempts or lack thereof, infectious diseases (brucellosis). The delay in the release of the afterbirth can be caused by vitamin deficiency, lack of mineral substances in the diet and their imbalance, lack of exercise during the period of deep pregnancy or late launch. The hotel of the cow has ended, and from the vagina hangs a hook with a bumpy surface, sometimes reaching the floor. If completely not to release the uterus from the afterbirth, it can lead to putrefactive processes with all the ensuing consequences.

Eversion and prolapse of the uterus

It occurs because of excessive relaxation of the musculature of the uterus and supporting ligaments. The cause can be a rough removal of the afterbirth, a large fetus or multiple pregnancies (twins, triplets), rapid extraction of the fetus in dry birth canal. Time of onset: delivery and postpartum period in the first hours. With incomplete fallout (turnout), the animal behaves restlessly, there are attempts. Rectal examination allows palpation of the fold, indicating the inflexion of the walls of the organ. In the uterine cavity or vagina, an inverted horn of the uterus is found.

When the uterus is completely turned out of the vulva, a pear-shaped formation hangs down to the level of the hock joint. On the surface of the uterus, sometimes you can see the undivided after. In the future, the uterus swells (swelling), turns blue, can bleed and rupture. The course of the postpartum period should be monitored in the first few hours after calving. This will help in time to provide the necessary assistance to animals and avoid irreparable consequences.

Prevention of postpartum complications

To calving a cow as far as possible passed without complications, it is necessary to worry about the health of the mother in advance. The farm should take into account the following points:

• Cows, ready for mating, should be of average fatness and absolutely healthy;
• They should receive a full-fledged food balanced on nutrients, vitamins, micro- and macro elements, including calcium;
• Do not overfeed animals;
• In the winter-stall period it is necessary to carefully observe the temperature regime in the premises where animals are kept;
• Clearly maintain the schedule of launching cows, not allowing their excessive exploitation;
• Take preventive measures to prevent the possible occurrence of diseases:
  
  - limit, and if necessary, exclude from the diet rich in protein feed for 4-5 days before calving;
  - introduce chalk into the ration cows;
  - animals should have permanent free access to salt-licking;
  - enter into the diet 3-4 days before calving and after it sugar;

• In the farmhouse, special boxes must be built to take delivery of the cows (if the farm does not have a special maternity ward)

During pregnancy, animals should not be subjected to stressful situations, they may be disturbed by changing the milkmaid, changing the composition of the diet, disturbing the routine of the day, any unusual situation that arose in the cowshed or in the immediate vicinity of the animals. Staff should be careful and immediately inform the veterinarian of the slightest change in the health status of the cow.

Cow after calving requires no less attention and care. Proper milking of the animal, especially if it is the first-calf, will help to avoid inflammation of the udder and prevent mastitis. Insemination of cows is carried out in the first or second hunting after calving. If the animal is disrupted by the cycle, it is necessary to take measures (to stimulate hormones) or, if necessary, to prescribe a course of treatment.

Breeding cows

To obtain a healthy and viable offspring, you need to take care of the health and well-being of the animals. Breeding cows as a business will be successful with the exit of at least 90 business calves per 100 queens. Then the farm will have a profit from the sale of the grown young. This is a difficult and nonetheless interesting area of work.

To get healthy calves, their mothers should receive a balanced diet from the first day of pregnancy, and have a daily active exercise. Farms for cows must meet all zoo hygiene standards.

Of great importance is the direction of cattle breeding: dairy, meat, meat and dairy. The conditions of detention and methods of growing young cattle depend on this .