Solution "Sodium chloride". Description

Sodium chloride provides a constant value of osmotic pressure. It is contained in an amount of 0.5-0.9% in the blood, as well as in tissue fluids. Under normal conditions, sodium chloride enters the human body with consumed food, but there are many situations when the amount of this substance falls, which leads to certain consequences. More often sodium chloride deficiency arises from the increased excretion of sodium from the body and the lack of compensation for this condition. Sodium is very quickly excreted in many conditions, for example, with diarrhea, severe vomiting and with a decrease in the function of the adrenal cortex.

When a deficiency of sodium chloride appears in the body, this leads to an increase in the viscosity of the blood, as the blood begins to penetrate through the vessel wall into the surrounding tissues (edema develops). If the deficit is significant and has not been replenished before, sudden spasms of smooth muscles and convulsive contractions of skeletal muscles may appear. Later, there are signs of a disturbance in the work of the nervous system and a difficulty in blood circulation.

To date, sodium chloride is very often used in medicine as solutions for intravenous administration. Depending on what is the concentration of the substance in the solution, distinguish isotonic and hypertonic. The isotonic solution has an osmotic pressure that is equal to the osmotic pressure of the blood plasma, this solution is also called saline solution. The hypertonic solution, in turn, has an osmotic pressure higher than in the plasma.

Appearance of the solution "Sodium chloride" (for intravenous administration) is a colorless liquid having a slightly salty taste. A mandatory condition is complete sterility of the solution, as well as its pyrogenicity (it should not increase the body temperature of a person when it is administered).

Very often isotonic sodium chloride solution is used as a means of de-toxication. By increasing the volume of circulating blood, toxic substances are much faster excreted from the body by the kidneys or are inactivated by passing through the bloodstream through the liver.

Basically, sodium chloride is used when the condition occurs, when there is increased loss of fluid in the body (various infections accompanied by excessive vomiting and diarrhea, burns, extensive blood loss, especially before blood transfusions). This ensures the maintenance in the bloodstream of a stable osmotic pressure that does not allow the blood plasma to go beyond the blood vessels and provides normal blood viscosity.

The preparation "Sodium chloride". Instructions for use

The solution must be administered either intravenously or subcutaneously. Also, sodium chloride can be injected with enemas. But the main and more preferable is the drip injection of the solution intravenously. The amount of solution administered must depend on the amount of fluid lost. In very severe conditions (severe intoxication, extensive burns, etc.) is introduced up to three liters.

Properties of sodium chloride. Side effects

Sodium chloride is a salt compound contained in the blood plasma. Due to the osmotic pressure created by it, the blood can not leave the bloodstream, but as soon as the concentration of sodium falls, an immediate restoration of the plasma composition is necessary. In some cases, the administration of sodium chloride has side effects. If an excessive amount of solution has been introduced, this can lead to acidification (an increase in the amount of chloride ions leads to acidosis). In addition, there may be the emergence of hyperhydration (an increase in the fluid contained in the body), as well as an increase in the excretion of potassium from the body.