Search satellite systems: review, description, characteristics and reviews. Satellite car security system

Today, to ensure security, humanity uses even outer space. For this purpose, satellite search systems were created. It is believed that the beginning of such navigation was laid down on October 4, 1957. It was then that the first artificial satellite was launched for the first time . By the end of the 1970s, the first radio navigation system appeared. It allowed to determine the coordinates of any object based on those signals that came from the satellite. And today, such navigation is used in the conduct of rescue and geodetic work, as well as to ensure the security of the state and citizens.

What are satellite systems? These are complex electronic and technical communications. And their implementation is possible only with the combined operation of space and ground equipment. At the same time, satellite systems allow to determine the height and geographical coordinates, time and parameters of the movement of water, land and air objects.

Classification

Satellite systems are divided into the following areas:

- search engines, designed for cars;
- navigational, to protect offices, homes, personal areas and apartments;
- security for sites on the Internet and cell phones;
- Search navigation (GPS).

Essential elements

Satellite systems include:

- orbital constellations from several satellites (from 2 to 30), which emit special radio signals;
- a ground control and control system that establishes the current position of the satellites, as well as receiving and processing the information transmitted by them;
- client receiving equipment necessary for determining the coordinates;
- radio beacons, which are a terrestrial system that increases the accuracy of establishing the location of the object;
- an information radio system transmitting corrections to users for coordinates.

Principle of operation

Satellite navigation systems measure the distance from the antenna located at the facility to a satellite whose position in orbit is known with high accuracy. A special table called almanac is used. It must be stored in the memory of the receiving device and indicate the position of all satellites. If such a table is not obsolete, then the finding of an object in space is determined by instruments using simple geometric constructions. For correct calculation of the width and longitude, the receiver must receive signals from at least three satellites. Well, if you need to know the location of the object above the surface? This will require the arrival of a signal from the fourth satellite.

All the received information is processed by the ground block, which uses a certain system of equations to derive the required coordinates. However, the data obtained will require some adjustment. This is due to the influence on the operation of the system of atmospheric pressure, air temperature and humidity. Each of these factors introduces an error within 30 m, the total value of which sometimes reaches 100 m.

Differential GPS mode helps to reduce the inaccuracy. It transmits the necessary corrections to the user, which ensures the accuracy of the object definition up to 1 cm. At the same time, satellite search systems are able to accumulate and then process data received within a certain period of time. Thanks to such processes, the user has an idea of the speed of the object, the path he traveled, and so on.

GPS

To date, several navigation systems are active at once. This is an American GPS, Russian GLONASS and European Galileo. All of them will allow to determine the current location of the object, as well as its time and date, speed and trajectory of motion on land, in air and on land. Let's consider these navigators in more detail.

The history of the US satellite GPS system began in 1973. This was the period of development of the DNSS program. Later it was renamed to Navstar-GPS, and then to GPS. The first of its satellites was put into orbit in 1974. And only in 1993 their number was brought to 24, which made it possible to cover the entire earth's surface.

Initially, the GPS satellite system operated for the purpose of the US military complex. And only since 2000 the system of secrecy was removed from the system. GPS has served the needs of civilian consumers. However, even now, the Pentagon can either disable satellite signals over the areas where combat operations take place, or interfere with them. In addition, US special services reserve the right to establish local "jammers" covering the conflict zone. At the same time, such a radio electronic warfare will not interfere with NATO troops operating on the coded signal.

GLONASS

This Russian navigation system has been functioning since the 90s of the last century. For today, the composition of its orbital grouping includes more than twenty satellites in orbit. In the near future, their number is planned to increase to thirty.

Since 2007, the GLONASS satellite system has been used for civil purposes. Today it covers the entire territory of Russia and finds its application in different directions. It is successfully used in transport, which carries out not only freight, but also passenger transportation. Here, GLONASS is a satellite monitoring system, as well as a means to optimize the traffic schedule. Such navigation is used in their work by the operational services of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, police and ambulance.

The principle of the GLONASS system is based on the receipt of information from the tracking light through the GSM channel to the remote server. Here it is stored for further transmission to the user. The time of data collection is in the interval from 15 to 240 seconds. Next, a special computer program processes the information on the server, and provides the location of the object.

In Russia, a new project is being developed, called ERA-GLONASS. Such a system will allow special services to react urgently in case of accidents and accidents. It is planned that by 2020 all vehicles will be equipped with navigation and communication terminals that automatically transmit signals to the duty and dispatch service in the event of serious accidents, that is, when the airbag is activated in the car. After that, the operator will try to clarify all the details of the incident from the driver. In the absence of an answer or when confirming the information on the given coordinates, rescuers of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, doctors and traffic police will be sent. Thus, satellite transport systems will serve the driver as the first assistant in emergencies.

Galileo

This satellite navigation system is developed for countries that are members of the European Union. The project, estimated at $ 2 billion, was named after Galileo Galileo, a well-known Italian astronomer. In its work Galileo does not depend on the system of satellite control of Russia GLONASS and American GPS.

In addition to locating an object whose coordinates can be found with an error of one meter, Galileo has a search and rescue function. There is no such project in any country in the world (in Russia it is only being developed).

Protection of vehicles

Today, many car enthusiasts are attracted by the satellite anti-theft system. According to numerous users, it is not only reliable, but also very convenient.

Such security navigation operates on the principle of communication between an auto antenna and several satellites. Information about the coordinates of the machine constantly comes to the receiving device and enables the user to determine the location of the vehicle with an error of several meters.

Unlike conventional navigation, the satellite anti-theft system not only receives signals from orbit, but also transmits them to the control room or the owner. If the intruders have penetrated into the car salon, they try to hack the system, then immediately after the networks of the mobile operator or through specially designated channels for this purpose, the signal will go off, which will be taken by the owner's mobile phone or dispatching console. After that, the response team starts to work, which will determine the movement and the further location of the machine.

According to user feedback, the car's satellite security system is reliable enough. Neutralizing it is much more complicated than a simple alarm with a siren.

In some models of the satellite search engine, remote engine blocking is provided. Due to this function, the criminal can not drive on your car even one meter. Sometimes malefactors use jammers. These are silencers that do not "start" a signal. This was taken into account when developing the newest security systems. In their design, special modules are used that do not allow jammers to work.

Echelon

This satellite car security system has been operating in our country since September 2003. It is an ordinary GPS-GSM alarm system, only its processor unit is programmed in a special way. When attempting to steal a vehicle, an alarm is triggered, and if the criminal uses a jammer or if there is no communication with the controller's control panel, the engine is blocked. This is the algorithm for the operation of the satellite system Echelon.

A significant advantage of this navigation is its ability to prevent theft even in the absence of communication with the owner. According to users' feedback, a number of additional features are an undoubted advantage of the system. So, the satellite system "Echelon" can be programmed to lock the engine in the event:
- exceeding a certain speed;
- Departure outside the designated area;
- longitudinal and lateral acceleration of the vehicle.

Moreover, this algorithm can be changed even remotely. To do this, it is enough to send the desired program of work via GSM-channel.

Arkan

The bulk of satellite security systems of the car operates on the principle of delivering the signal "Alarm" to the control panel. However, such protection is ineffective in the absence or intentional suppression of the GPS channel.

An alternative is the satellite system "Arkan". It transmits information on the special navigation network of the same name. Thanks to a constant radio signal constantly changing the frequency, intruders can not get the system out of order.
At the moment, this navigation is the most modern technological solution, which allows you to easily locate the machine.

In addition, the satellite system "Arkan":
- can transmit the coordinates of the machine when you press the alarm button, as well as when trying to unauthorized access to the cabin;
- switches to the low power mode when the battery is low;
- controls the operation of the channel "Arkan" by means of continuous supply of test signals.

Satellite connection

There are different types of similar systems.

Among them:

1. Trunk communication. Its development was dictated by the ever-increasing demands for the transfer of large volumes of information. The first of such systems was Intelsat, and then there were regional organizations Arabsat, Eutelsat and many others. To date, backbone satellite communication systems are being replaced by fiber-optic networks.

2. VSAT systems. They are a terminal with a minimum of equipment. Such systems are designed to provide satellite communications to small organizations that do not need high bandwidth. In addition, the VSAT system can provide channels on demand.

3. Mobile satellite communications. A feature of such systems is the small size of the antenna, which causes difficulty in receiving the signal. In order to increase the radio wave power, the satellites are located in the geostationary orbit, providing them with a strong transmitter. Such systems provide communication to maritime vessels and selected regional operators. To amplify the radio signal, a large number of satellites are located in polar and inclined orbits. They transmit information and numerous cellular operators.

4. Satellite Internet. Such communication systems have their own peculiarities. Here, outgoing and incoming traffic is divided, and certain technologies are used to further combine them. That is why such satellite communication systems are called asymmetric. The peculiarity of the Internet is that one channel can be used by several users at once. The fact is that data through the space orbit is transmitted to all customers simultaneously.

Satellite television

Since the middle of the last century, to achieve its goals, mankind is increasingly using outer space. And today the near-Earth orbit is literally girded with a satellite "necklace" that allows not only to serve as navigation systems, transmit information, but also ... watch TV. How does this happen? On each of the satellites specially designed for these purposes, a powerful antenna is installed. She takes a television signal, which is then sent to Earth and received by special transponder-transmitters. Those territories where it is possible to catch such radio waves are called the coverage zone.

An antenna that receives signals from satellites has the shape of a dish. Such a surface allows radio waves to be reflected and then focused at a single point where the convector is installed. This device receives signals that are then fed to the receiver via a special cable. It is also a receiver, but converts radio waves and transmits them in the form of pictures on the TV screen.

Satellite TV systems allow you to get high quality sound and images. This is made possible by the receipt of information in digital form. In addition, satellite TV allows you to watch transmissions from different countries and continents. This possibility is especially important for those who study a foreign language. Children and adults, when viewing such programs, can find a virtual interlocutor for themselves, and also check and significantly replenish their knowledge. Attract the attention of the viewer and the numerous thematic channels of satellite television. Children can choose for themselves the display of cartoons, and adults - plunge into the world of travel or music.

Providing your home with satellite TV will not only expand the horizon and get a lot of positive emotions from watching interesting programs, but also save money. Pay only once for the equipment for satellite communications. In the future, the consumer remains independent from the ever-changing tariff plans of cable operators, because satellite equipment remains forever in the ownership of its owner.

It is worth mentioning that, according to the opinion of residents of small settlements, such television often helps them out. After all, sometimes in small towns there are no cable operators, and the quality of signal transmission through a conventional TV antenna leaves much to be desired.

By the way, in many small settlements due to problems with receiving television signals, the installation of cymbals is perhaps the only way to enjoy watching TV in good quality.