Scheme reinforcement of the foundation of the belt. Calculation of the base of the tape, technology

The foundation is the foundation for the construction of any destination, it is the most important part of any building. There is a load on it, which is transferred to the ground. There are certain types of foundations, they need to be reinforced in their own way. However, we will discuss below the ribbon base.

Necessity of reinforcement

The foundation will be strong only if iron is embedded in the concrete structure. Thanks to technology, the tape bases are durable and allow the erection of even monolithic houses on their surface. If you have a construction vibrator, then you will be able to create a solid foundation, which will not depend on the thickness of the walls of the house.

Select Valve

Rules for reinforcing the ribbon foundation provide for a special approach to the choice of material in the basis. It is important to pay attention to the designation. Thus, the index "C" indicates that before you welded reinforcing cage. If the material is designated by the letter "K", the reinforcement has the qualities of resistance to cracking and corrosion. Such phenomena may well arise under stress. If the valve is not marked with any of the listed indices, then it is not suitable for use in the construction of the foundation.

For the reason that the process of welding 12 mm rods is very laborious, the electric arc method is not used at this time, in addition, the rods in the process can be burned. You can not use arc welding for valves A-III, 35GS. The overlap should be about 30 diameters, while the elements should be installed in such a way that they do not touch the formwork. This space is called a protective layer and protects the material from atmospheric and temperature influences, as well as corrosion.

Features of reinforcement

Reinforcement of a monolithic tape foundation requires compliance with certain rules. The basis is a concrete mortar, which is prepared from water, sand and cement. The physical characteristics of the building material do not ensure the absence of deformation of the building. In order to withstand shifts and negative factors in the type of temperature fluctuations, a presence in the metal structure is necessary. It is quite flexible, but it guarantees a firm fixation, so the process of laying the reinforcement is considered an important stage.

Install reinforcement elements in places where stretching may occur. The greatest probability of stretching is on the surface of the base, where it is necessary to place the reinforcement. To avoid corrosion of the frame, it should be protected with a layer of concrete. Scheme reinforcement of the base of the tape provides for the location of rods 5 cm from the surface. For the reason that it is impossible to prevent deformation, stretching zones can arise in the lower and upper parts. In the first case, the central part will bend downward, while in the second case the bump is bent upwards. That is why, when drawing up the reinforcement scheme, it is necessary to take into account the necessity of placing the rods from above and below, the diameter of the elements should make a limit from 10 to 12 mm. The rods must have a ribbed surface, this will allow to reach the concrete.

Additional recommendations for reinforcement

The technology of reinforcing the ribbon foundation requires the skeleton to be placed from the rods and in other parts, while the components can have a smaller diameter and a smooth surface. In this case, the bars must be positioned vertically and horizontally, as well as across. When reinforcing a monolithic foundation with a width not exceeding 40 cm, it is permissible to use elements in the number of four pieces, their diameter should be in the range of 10 to 16 mm. They should be connected to an 8-mm frame. In order to calculate the base of the belt, it is important to remember that the distance between the horizontally placed rods along the width should be 40 cm. With an impressive length, the ribbon foundation has a small width, for this reason longitudinal stretches appear in it. In this case there will be no transversal waves at all. Transverse vertical and horizontal reinforcement elements, which are thin and smooth, are also necessary for framing.

Corner reinforcement

The reinforcement of the corners of the band foundation is carried out according to a certain technique. Quite often such cases, when the deformation falls on the angular parts and bypasses the middle. When working on creating an armature frame, which will be installed in a corner, you need to bend one end of the element and take it to one wall, but the other end should go to another wall. The reinforcement of the corners of the ribbon foundation provides for the connection of the elements with a knitting wire. Not every grade of reinforcement is made of steel, which would succumb to the welding process. But even with the permissibility of such actions, problems can arise, which can be avoided with the help of a wire. Problems can be expressed in overheating of steel, as well as in changing properties. The bars may be depleted, but if this can be avoided, the high strength of the welding seam will not be achieved.

Reinforcement diagram

You can independently draw up a scheme for reinforcing the foundation tape. Start work is necessary with the installation of the boards for the formwork, its internal base must be laid with parchment, with its help you simplify the dismantling of the boards. The construction of the framework of the reinforcement should be carried out according to the following technology. The rods are driven into the ground, the length of which is equal to the depth of the future foundation. In this case, the distance from the formwork must be observed. On the bottom should be installed supports up to 100 mm high, they are laid several threads of the lower row of reinforcement. In the role of supports can be used bricks, which are located on the edge. In the places where the elements intersect, it is necessary to strengthen them with wire or welding.

It is important to remember when drawing up the scheme

When a reinforcement of the belt foundation is being prepared, it is important to observe the distance to the outer surfaces of the base. Do this with the help of bricks. This condition is very important, because the metal structure should not be on the bottom. The distance from the ground should be about 8 cm. Once the armature is installed, it is possible to make the ventilation holes and proceed to pouring the solution. The presence of ventilation holes will help increase the damping qualities of the base and prevent the appearance of putrefactive processes.

Determination of material consumption

After the reinforcement of the foundation of the belt tape has been compiled, you can calculate the consumption of the material. If the foundation has a rectangular shape, and its width, length and height are 3.5; 10; 0.2 m, respectively, the width of the belt will be 0.18 m. Initially, it is necessary to determine the volume of the casting, for this it is necessary to know the size of the basis. If it has the form of a parallelepiped, then several simple manipulations should be performed: first determine the perimeter of the base, and then multiply it by the height and width of the casting. However, the calculation of the monolithic foundation is not yet complete. It was possible to find out only the basis, or rather the casting, which will occupy a volume of 0.97 m ³ . Now you need to determine the volume of the inner part of the base where the tape is located.

In order to know the volume of the "filling", multiply the length and width by the height, which will allow you to know the total volume: 10x3.5x0.2 = 7 m ³ . The casting volume is calculated as follows: 7 - 0,97 = 6,03 m ³ , this figure will become the internal volume of the filler. Calculation of the foundation tape is not yet completed, you can determine the number of necessary reinforcement. If its diameter is 12 mm, and in the casting 2 horizontal lines. It is also important to consider how the elements are arranged vertically. If the distance between them is 0.5 m and the perimeter is 27 m, this value should be multiplied by 2, which will allow 54 m. To calculate the vertical rods, the following calculations should be performed: 54 * 2 + 2 = 110, 108 intervals for Half a meter and 2 more on the edges. You should add one rod per corner and you will be able to get 114 rods. If we assume that the height of the rod is 70 cm, then multiplying this parameter by the number of rods will be able to get the yardage, which is 79.8 m.

Following such calculations, it will be possible to get how much reinforcement is needed for reinforcing the band foundation.

Conclusion

When drawing up the scheme, it is important to remember that the metal frame must consist of two rows or more, and they should be placed vertically. If we are talking about horizontal elements or transverse bands, then their number should be determined by the depth of bedding. For example, the reinforcement of a shallow band foundation assumes one such layer.