How to make a shallow strip foundation

How to make a shallow ribbon foundation? This foundation is called small because it does not reach the depth of freezing. These foundations have long been popular in Canada, the United States, Norway, Denmark and Finland. We started using them recently.

Finely stripped ribbon foundation is cheaper than usual in 2 times. Now, on such grounds, buildings of up to three floors, hospitals, schools and kindergartens are being built. At the same time, the foundation is not subjected to loads when the ground is protruding. The trick is that the ground near it does not freeze. The standard for shallow-landed strip foundation ASTM 32-01 was installed in 2001.

The finely stripped ribbon foundation leaves in the ground only 40-50 cm, but the trench is dug twice as wide as for the foundation of the standard one. A heater is put here only from expanded polystyrene extruded or mineral wool based on basalt. It is glued to the bitumen membrane over the entire surface of the basement, and bends underneath at 90 ° from the bottom. With the loss of heat through the floor, it is stored under a layer of insulation, which prevents freezing of the ground and they do not swell. This method is used for heated premises, domestic purposes, residential and industrial, cultural and other institutions.

When building cold buildings, the insulation on the foundation is not attached, but is laid under the base along the entire perimeter. Geothermal heat does not freeze the ground and swelling does not occur either. The columnar strip foundation strengthens the base tape at the corners, which also allows it to be immersed to a shallow depth. First put the poles, then the whole tape is poured, using the armature, tied with wire. Thus, a unified design is obtained that combines all the advantages of tape and poles, and eliminates flaws. To increase the support area and to prevent the posts from rising, they are expanded from below.

The columnar strip foundation allows to reduce the adhesion forces of the side walls of the foundation with frozen ground, and these forces are very significant and can reach 6 tons per square meter. All communications through such structures are easy to make both before and after filling. The insulation of the tape of this base element is always favorably reflected in the subsequent operation. In these houses use heating appliances of much lower power. Houses do not need constant heating, if not used, they easily tolerate any temperature regime.

Ribbon foundation undrained can be arranged only on sand cushions, this significantly reduces the strength of the whipping. This element of the house looks like a pillar or a pile laid on its side. It is used only for single-storey houses made of lumber, rounded logs or prefabricated panel houses. Underneath the foundations it is always useful to make drainage wells, two or three on each side. This type of foundation is used in areas with high groundwater, when all the rest are inefficient.

A non-recessed strip foundation can consist of separate blocks at the corners of the log house and along the middle of its long sides. Lay the blocks and under the inner walls, in places of connection with the external bearing structures. The distance between them depends on the total weight of the entire structure, on average, it is 2 meters. When installing blocks or a monolith under it is recommended to lay a heater that does not break down in water and retains its properties, expanded polystyrene is extruded. Sand for pillows should be coarse or medium-grained, you can use boiler slag.