Nitric oxide (I, II, III, IV, V): properties, production, application

Introduction

If you carefully look at nitrogen in the periodic system of chemical elements of DI Mendeleyev, you can see that it has a variable valence. This means that nitrogen forms several binary compounds with oxygen at once. Some of them were discovered recently, and some were studied along and across. There are small and stable oxides of nitrogen. The chemical properties of each of these substances are completely different, therefore, when studying them, it is necessary to consider at least five nitrogen oxides. That's about them and will be discussed in today's article.

Nitric oxide (I)

Formula - N ₂ O. Sometimes it can be called nitrogen oxonitride, dinitrogen oxide, nitrous oxide or a gay gas.

Properties

Under ordinary conditions, it is represented by a colorless gas with a sweetish odor. It can dissolve water, ethanol, ether and sulfuric acid. If the monohydrogen nitrogen gas monoxide is heated to room temperature at a pressure of 40 atmospheres, it thickens to a colorless liquid. This is a non-salt-forming oxide that decomposes during heating and shows itself in the reactions as a reducing agent.

Receiving

This oxide forms when dry ammonium nitrate is heated . Another way of obtaining it is thermal decomposition of the "sulfamine + nitric acid" mixture.

Application

Used as a means for inhalation anesthesia, the food industry knows this oxide as an additive E942. It also improves the technical characteristics of internal combustion engines.

Nitric oxide (II)

The formula is NO. It occurs under the names of nitrogen monoxide, nitric oxide and nitrosyl radical

Properties

Under normal conditions, it looks like a colorless gas, which is poorly soluble in water. It is difficult to liquefy, but in solid and liquid states this substance has a blue color. This oxide can be oxidized by air oxygen

Receiving

It is fairly easy to obtain, for this it is necessary to heat up to 1200-1300 ° C a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen. In the laboratory, it is formed immediately with several experiments:

• The reaction of copper and a 30% solution of nitric acid.
• Interaction of ferric chloride, sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid.
• The reaction of nitrous and hydriodic acids.

Application

This is one of the substances from which nitric acid is produced.

Nitric oxide (III)

The formula is N ₂ O ₃ . It can also be called nitrous anhydride and sesquioxide of nitrogen.

Properties

Under normal conditions, it is a liquid that has a blue color, and in standard conditions - a colorless gas. Pure oxide exists only in a solid aggregate state.

Receiving

It is formed by the interaction of 50% nitric acid and solid oxide of trivalent arsenic (it can also be replaced by starch).

Application

With this substance, nitrous acid and its salts are obtained in laboratories.

Nitric oxide (IV)

The formula is NO ₂ . It can also be called nitrogen dioxide or brown gas.

Properties

The last name corresponds to one of its properties. After all, this oxide has the form of either red-brown gas or a yellowish liquid. He has a high chemical activity.

Receiving

This oxide is produced by the interaction of nitric acid and copper, as well as during the thermal decomposition of lead nitrate.

Application

With it, sulfuric and nitric acids are produced, oxidized liquid rocket fuel and blended explosives.

Nitric oxide (V)

The formula is N ₂ O ₅ . Can occur under the names of dentate pentoxide, nitrate, nitro or nitric anhydride.

Properties

It has the form of colorless and very volatile crystals. They can melt at a temperature of 32.3 ° C.

Receiving

This oxide is formed by several reactions:

• Dehydration of nitric acid with pentavalent phosphorus oxide.
• Transmission of dry chlorine over silver nitrate.
• Interaction of ozone with tetravalent nitrogen oxide.

Application

Because of its extreme instability in its pure form is not used anywhere.

Conclusion

In chemistry, there are nine nitrogen oxides, the above are only the classical compounds of this element. The remaining four are, as already said, unstable substances. However, they all share one property - high toxicity. Emissions of nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere lead to a deterioration in the health status of people living near industrial chemical plants. Symptoms of poisoning by any of these substances - toxic pulmonary edema, disruption of the central nervous system and blood damage, the cause of which - the binding of hemoglobin. Therefore, nitrogen oxides must be handled with care and in most cases used protective equipment.