Discoveries and inventions of modern times

One of the most significant discoveries occurred during the periods that are called New and Newest Time. When does this period start? What discoveries were made during this time?

The beginning of modern times

New time is called the period when humanity has stepped on a new level in the development of its potential. But when exactly did this happen?

Usually the new time is called the period between the Middle Ages and the Newest History. Some suggest a countdown from the 17th century, when the English Revolution began in 1640. But a breakthrough in achievements and changes in society begin in the XV century, so many researchers believe this is the beginning of a new era or an early New Age.

Even at the end of the Middle Ages, important discoveries and inventions are made. In 1440 Johann Guttenberg invents the printing press, and books are being developed not only religious, but also scientific and entertaining subjects. In 1492, Christopher Columbus opens America, begins the European colonization.

The society changes its views and turns to the essence of the human personality. In England, it departs from the primacy of the Catholic Church, the Reformation movement and Protestantism are emerging. Science begins to develop, the first scientific communities are created: the Royal Society, the French Royal Army of Sciences. Inventions of the new time from the XVI: mechanical calculator, vacuum pump, barometer, pendulum clock. Galileo Galilei invents a telescope, Descartes creates a coordinate system. There was a microscope, a telescope and glass glasses.

Inventions of the New Time from the 18th Century

Since the end of the 17th century, the bourgeoisie has emerged. The industrial revolution gives impetus to the development of capitalism and industrial society.

Technical discoveries and inventions of the new time are sometimes completely accidental. So, John Watt visited the idea of a steam engine when he looked at the jumping cover of a boiling kettle. Thomas Newman built the first reciprocating steam engine in 1712.

G. Amonton comes up with a gas thermometer in 1703, followed by an alcohol thermometer from René Reaumur (1710). John Hendley and Thomas Godfrey invent the sextant (1730).

Demand for the production of fabrics, encourages the invention of spinning and sewing machines. The first sewing machine was patented in 1790 by Thomas Sainte. The author of the spinning machine was James Hargreaves (1764). In 1893, Whitecomb Judson invented a zipper.

Many inventions of modern times are committed in the XIX century. In 1818 they discovered the law of photochemistry, and in 1839 N. Niepce and L.Dagger invented a photo. In 1769 the Frenchman Cunho constructs a cart on a steam engine, and in 1886 G.Daimler and K.Benz invent the first crew with a gasoline engine.

A.S. Popov invents in 1895 a radio receiver, Nikola Tesla in 1893-1895 creates a radio transmitter, and then a radio receiver.

The great inventions of the New Time are the electric bulb of Thomas Edison and the discovery of electricity, this is the invention of the X-ray by Ivan Puljuem and X-ray simultaneously. Thomas Watson in 1876 became the author of the phone, before him there was a loudspeaker "talking telegraph", invented by Alexander Bell.

Other inventions of modern times: a parachute, a steamer, a piano, a tuning fork, a balloon. In the 18th and 19th centuries, a kaleidoscope, a stereoscope, arc welding, a locomotive, a lighter and matches were also invented (with the lighter much earlier).

Inventions of the Newest Time

The newest time begins with the XX century, namely, since 1918. At that time, technical progress has significantly stepped forward. The first means of transportation with engines were invented, which made it possible to easily overcome considerable distances. Many mechanisms have been improved, and mankind has been burning electricity.

It's time to develop the natural sciences. Of particular importance are chemistry and physics. In the twentieth century, K. Lansteiner first discovered a blood group, Freud worked on the theory of psychoanalysis, P. Ehrlich discovered the possibilities of chemotherapy. A. Fleming opens in 1929 penicillin - the world's first antibiotic.

Wars and conflicts between states contribute to an active study of physics and nuclear power. In 1905 A.Enstein discovered the theory of relativity, N.Bor worked on the quantum theory of atoms. They discovered the atomic nucleus (E. Rutherford, 1911), Artificial radioactivity (F. and J. Joliot-Curie, 1934), for the first time split the nuclear core of uranium (O. Gan, F. Shassman, 1938).

Space is being studied and new discoveries in astronomy are being made. Discover cosmic rays (V. Hess, 1911-1913), Hubble's law on the expansion of the universe (E. Hubble, 1929). It becomes known about cosmic radio emission (K. Yansky, 1931).

Vivid inventions and discoveries of the 20th century

Discoveries and inventions of the newest time far exceed the previous epochs. During the Cold War, America and the Soviet Union vied both in the creation of nuclear weapons and in the conquest of outer space. The first development of rockets, space stations and ships appear. The Soviet Union is releasing the first artificial Earth satellite, making the first steps to travel to the moon - space stations, lunar rovers are launched on the surface of the satellite.

In 1961 Yuri Gagarin became the first person to have been in space. In 1969, American Neil Armstrong lands on the moon.

To see walking on the Moon Armstrong would not have been possible, if television had not been invented in the same century. Contribution to the development of this miracle of technology was made by Vladimir Zvorykin, Filo Farnsworth, and others.

In 1946 the first ENIAC computer was created in the USA, the predecessor inventions are more like a calculator. The inventor of the first prototype computer is Charles Babbage.

Important inventions The most recent invention is also the scuba diving of JI Cousteau (1943), the helicopter of AM Cheremukhin (1930), the jet engine of VP Glushko (1930), the laser of Theodor Meiman (1960), and the atomic bomb (1945) , The name of the creator of which is kept in the strictest secrecy.

Conclusion

In the period of the New and Modern times, many great discoveries and inventions that were necessary for mankind were made in history. Many of them we use now.