History of Syria and Lebanon In 1878

The liberation struggle in the history of Syria and Lebanon was primarily directed against the Turkish oppression: first against the bloody regime of Abdul Hamid II, then against the yoke of the Young Turkic chauvinist bourgeoisie. Here the movement was mostly bourgeois-landowner. The Arab bourgeoisie, the liberal landlords and the bourgeois intelligentsia were unhappy with the oppression of Turkish feudalism, which delayed the development of capitalist relations and national culture in the Arab countries. They sought to secede from the Ottoman Empire. For the first time this desire was still expressed in an indistinct form in the program of the Arab secret society, founded in Beirut around 1878, 1878. Entered the history of Syria and Lebanon. In its leaflets, the society called for a fight against Turkish tyranny and European harassment, for the independence of Syria, united with Lebanon. But these first sprouts of the Arab national movement, which arose during the Turkish constitution Midhat, quickly withered under the Zulum regime.
During the Awakening of Asia, the activity of Arab bourgeois-national organizations revived first in the emigre centers of Egypt, France, America, and then, after the Young Turk revolution, and in the Ottoman Empire. Emigrant organizations advocated the separation of Arab countries from Turkey and the creation of an independent Arab bourgeois-landowner state. Inside the Ottoman Empire, Arab legal organizations advocated the autonomy of the Arab regions, illegal for their complete secession.
The Young Turk revolution was first greeted with enthusiasm by the Arab masses of the people, as well as by the bourgeoisie and the bourgeois intelligentsia. The Arab peoples expected that the revolution would bring them liberation. But the chauvinistic policy of the Young Turks has brought a bitter disappointment to the Arab peoples. Young Turks not only preserved the old system of feudal and national oppression. They persecuted Arab organizations, implanted the Turkish language violently in schools and institutions of Arab countries, threatened to make Arab countries Turkish countries and force the Arab peoples to speak the Turkish language. The reactionary policy of the Young Turkic assimilators pushed the Arab bourgeois leaders into rapprochement with the Freedom and consent party.
History of Syria and Lebanon In 1878, G. played an important role for these countries.