Acute maxillary sinusitis: symptoms. Treatment of acute sinusitis

Nasal congestion, tilt pain, decreased sense of smell, purulent discharge from the nose, fever, weakness ... All these are symptoms of such a familiar pain and at the same time unknown to many people like sinusitis. Let's see, it's so difficult to treat acute genyantritis in modern medical practice. What is this ailment? Acute, chronic sinusitis, whose treatment is described in the article, causes a lot of inconvenience and anxiety to the patient.

What it is?

Most of the population of our country is sure that sinusitis is some very terrible and almost deadly disease, which is very difficult, painful and long to be treated in the hospital.

In fact, acute viral sinusitis occurs in an adult person always when he develops an acute respiratory viral infection, which is accompanied by a runny nose. Let us consider in more detail.

Around the nasal cavity there are paranasal sinuses (sinuses):

• The frontal sinus (frontal).
• Latticed sinus.
• Maxillary sinus (maxillary / paranasal sinus).
• Wedge-shaped.

They are needed in order to moisten, warm and purify the air that enters our lungs.

Rhinitis - rhinitis, which occurs in ARVI, - tells us that the nasal mucosa got a virus. If the virus is already in the nose, then it simply can not get on the mucous membranes of one, but in fact more often than all of the nasal sinuses. This is called sinusitis (the presence of infection in the paranasal sinuses).

Thus, we now understand that rhinitis almost never happens without sinusitis, as well as a common cold is always accompanied by a sinusitis.

Causes of the disease

Treatment of acute sinusitis involves first of all the identification of the cause of its appearance. There can be several:

1. Virus.
2. Bacterium.
3. Allergic reaction.
4. Disturbance of nasal breathing (curvature of the nasal septum, foreign objects in the nose, an increase in the concha of the nasal passages, injury to the nose).
5. Impaired immune system.
6. The presence of parasites in the body, chronic diseases, the recently transferred influenza or untreated ARVI.
7. Violation of the integrity of the nasal mucosa and sinuses.
8. Chemical damage to the mucosa (eg, in harmful production).
9. Too dry and warm air in the room.
10. Severe hypothermia.
11. Polyps, adenoids.
12. Untreated teeth and other diseases of the oral cavity.
13. Fungal diseases.
14. Tuberculosis.
15. Tumors.
16. Radiation sickness.

Types of genyantritis

In terms of severity of the disease distinguish:

• Acute maxillary sinusitis (symptoms and treatment will be discussed in the following sections). Features: the course of the disease up to three weeks with a systematic improvement.
• Chronic sinusitis. The treatment is more complicated, and the risks of complications are very high, therefore the chronic form requires obligatory intervention of the doctor.

Because of:

• Infectious.
• Vasomotor (caused by a violation of the mechanism of reactions to the environment).
• Allergic.

By the method of infection:

• Hematogenous (from the blood).
• Nasal (from the nasal cavity).
• Odontogenic (bacteria from the mouth).
• Traumatic.

Symptomatics

Acute antritis:

• Temperature to 38-38.5 degrees;
• Pulling or dull pain when tilted forward;
• Departure of mucus and pus from the nasal passages;
• chills;
• Pain in the head, nose, teeth;
• Lacrimation;
• General nasal congestion;
• Sleep disorders;
• Painful sensations when you touch the area of the maxillary sinuses;
• labored breathing;
• Swelling.

Chronic sinusitis:

• The temperature may not rise at all or stay at a level of up to 37.5 degrees;
• Pulling or dull pain when tilted forward;
• Constant discharge from the nose;
• Impaired smell;
• Periodic release of pus and blood clots from the nose;
• General weakness;
• drowsiness;
• Headache in the eye area;
• conjunctivitis.

Diagnostics

The diagnosis should be made by a doctor. If you are too heavy or too long, do not hesitate to ask for help.

First, the doctor will study the history of the disease and will inspect the inner surface of the inflamed mucous nasal, probing the face in the sinuses of the nose in order to determine the intensity of pain, will determine whether there is a reflex dilatation of the vessels in the infraorbital area.

If necessary, the doctor sends the patient to the X-ray, which will show if there was a blackout (the presence of pus) in the picture in the region of the maxillary sinuses.

In particularly difficult cases, when standard antibacterial preparations of the general spectrum of action do not help, they make bapses from the nose and determine the sensitivity of microorganisms to antibiotics.

Treatment of acute sinusitis

To get rid of a common rhinitis (sinusitis and rhinitis), you must follow the rules applicable to all SARS.

In the room where the patient is, should be cool (air temperature - not more than 21 degrees Celsius), otherwise the treatment of acute sinusitis will last for a long time. At the same time, the patient should be dressed so that he does not feel cold.

It is often necessary to ventilate the room and maintain the humidity in the room. If there is no air humidifier, put a few wide tanks with water in the room and cover the battery with a wet towel.

The patient needs to drink a lot and eat less. Please note that during the cold, you should limit the consumption of tea and coffee, and try to replace them with warm drinks, compotes, still water, herbal teas.

If you have acute sinusitis, treatment at home should preferably be completed by washing the nasal cavity. Each pharmacy sells special cleaning kits with instructions, powder and a special device. But for this purpose, the usual saline solution or water and salt prepared independently is also suitable. Just add a teaspoon of warm boiled water a teaspoon of large iodized salt and mix well. Instead of a special purchase capacity, you can use an ordinary small bottle of baby bottled water with a neck-teat or a small teapot.

If you follow all the recommendations, very soon you will no longer be bothered by acute sinusitis (symptoms). And treatment in adults does not require even tablets. But if you still prefer to get rid of all manifestations as quickly as possible, remember that the treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis with antibiotics without consulting a doctor is unacceptable. Use vasoconstrictive drops from the cold, from the temperature - preparations containing paracetamol or ibuprofen. But do not forget that doctors strongly do not recommend without good reason to bring down the temperature below 38.5.

The usual acute sinusitis, the symptoms and treatment of which is known to every otorhinolaryngologist, usually takes place in five to seven days.

If on the second, and then on the third day of the illness, you feel only worse, and the temperature rises higher, be sure to show your doctor. With any viral infection, your body should have already begun to cope. And if this did not happen, chances are that the disease is caused not by a virus and a serious examination and medication is required.

Even when you have started an acute sinusitis, treatment without a puncture can still be possible. Usually, the doctor prescribes the washing of the sinuses of the nose (the procedure is carried out in the clinic), laser therapy, vasoconstrictive drops and antibiotics.

Many doctors of the old school continue to produce punctures to treat any type of sinusitis. Although for the puncture to treat the indications should be very serious, and other methods - have already tried and produced results. After all, despite the fact that the procedure is fairly simple and if properly carried out, it is usually easy for patients to tolerate, it can cause a number of complications: blockage of blood vessels, formation of emphysema (ingress of air into soft tissues), abscess. And this is not a complete list.

Surgical method of treatment

It happens that even a chronic course does not cause the patient to see a doctor and the disease is started too much. In this case, polyps and cysts can be so overlapping the sinus ducts that without a full surgical operation under general anesthesia in a hospital environment it is impossible to do, otherwise the treatment of acute sinusitis in adults can be useless.

Acute bilateral sinusitis

Treatment in this case is the same as in the case of unilateral sinusitis. Although the bilateral form of the disease is considered to be more severe and usually has a stronger intoxication and severe pain.

It is good, if the doctor will observe, how the acute bilateral sinusitis proceeds. Treatment in this case is recommended to supplement with physiotherapeutic procedures and medications, as the risks of complications increase twice.

Odontogenic sinusitis

If yesterday you were at the dentist, and today there were abrupt signs of maxillary sinusitis, do not rush to write it off for dental disease. In fact, very often inflammation in the region of the back teeth of the upper jaw causes inflammation in the sinuses of the nose. The location of the roots of these teeth close to the sinuses causes an almost instantaneous infection from the oral cavity into the nose.

The causative agents of odontogenic sinusitis are most often streptococci, staphylococci, diplococci and enterococci, in small amounts sometimes present even in the normal oral mucosa. With improper growth of teeth and unscrupulous treatment, insufficient hygiene, they can get into the sinuses of the nose and cause illness. Self-treatment of such a genyantritis does not lend itself, and if you suspect a disease, immediately consult a doctor.

Sinusitis in children under three years old

It is not so rare that we hear complaints from moms about the genyantritis of a baby. But in fact it is a myth. As such, inflammation of the sinuses in these babies just does not happen. Up to three years in children, the sinuses are not so developed (they did not have time to grow) that there is nowhere to develop infection.

In this case, yellow or green snot is associated with some other disease or simply because the rhinitis is already passing and the mucus stagnates in the nasal passages. An accurate diagnosis should be made by a pediatrician.

Why can not you warm your nose and what's dangerous in this method of treatment?

Even if you have a common cold, but you have not yet been able to get to the doctor, or you think you can manage on your own, never start to heat your nose. No salt, no chicken eggs, no blue lamp or even hot inhalations. All these methods can lead to a hospital bed without the permission of a doctor.

First, a person with high fever will not be useful to warm up their body further. Secondly, the effect of heat on the virus can contribute to the almost instantaneous spread of infection throughout the body. In this case it is necessary to treat not just an ordinary runny nose, but a whole bunch of serious diseases.

In some cases, when the doctor is sure that the frontal sinuses are already almost free of pus and the patient is in the recovery phase, he can advise the way to warm up the area around the nose.

Complications

Acute purulent maxillary sinusitis, the treatment of which has not been properly treated, can bring a lot of problems. If the disease has gone too far, such terrible complications are possible:

• Chronic sinusitis.
• Inflammation of the lungs, bronchi.
• Tonsillitis.
• Otitis.
• Angina.
• Pharyngitis.
• Abscesses in the oral cavity.
• Diseases of the ternary nerve.
• Meningitis (inflammation of the meninges).
• Encephalitis (inflammation of the brain).
• Inflammation of the eyeball or the eyeball itself.
• Sepsis.
• Running sinusitis can give complications to the kidneys, heart and liver.

It must be remembered that self-medication, refusal of medical aid, non-observance of prescriptions of the doctor and the reference to illiterate specialists can turn into a tragedy.

Prevention

Everyone knows that it is always more difficult to treat than to prevent it. Prevention is the first thing that should be done in hospitals and in every home:

• Dress for the season (too warm clothes are just as inadmissible as not enough warm).
• Do not overcool and do not overheat (in these moments the body becomes more vulnerable to infections).
• Eat thoroughly (the intake of all the necessary vitamins and minerals from the food will help the body cope with infections in the first stages of the disease).
• Ask your doctor about taking vitamin and mineral complexes.
• Go in for sports (fitness, pool, gymnastics in the mornings).
• Perform special breathing exercises to normalize nasal breathing.
• In the period of epidemics, wash your nose with saline every evening.
• Refuse from smoking.
• Walk more.
• Treat any cold at once, do not start the disease.
• If you are allergic, at the first sign of rhinitis drink the antihistamines prescribed by the doctor.
• Do the surgery if you have an anomaly in the nasal septum (this will not only help avoid sinusitis, but also improve the performance of the entire body).