Gydan Peninsula: deposits, climate, territory. Preserve on the Gydan Peninsula

The Gydan peninsula with a harsh climate is famous for gas and oil deposits. But not only. On its territory there is a reserve. What animals live on land and in the sea, what is growing there, read in the article.

Where is the Gydansky Peninsula located?

It is located in the northern part of the Siberian plain of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District. The peninsula is washed by the Kara Sea. The territory of the Gydan Peninsula occupies four hundred kilometers in length and the same in width. Its surface is represented by a hilly plain, composed of marine and glacial sediments, from the south side passing into the hill.

It is called Tamanskaya, its height is two hundred meters. The Gydan peninsula, whose climate is severe, is the territory of the Tazovsky District of Yamal and the Taymyr District of the Krasnoyarsk Territory.

The climate of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District

The energy of heat rotation and the circulation of the atmosphere depends on the solar radiation. What will be the angle of the rays of the sun determined by the location of a particular area. On the Gydan peninsula, one centimeter of a square area receives up to seventy kilocalories of solar radiation.

The number of days in a year with a plus temperature is one hundred and five-hundred and ten. In winter, the circulation of the atmosphere is subordinated to the Asian anticyclone. When it is weakened, the transformed air masses from the Atlantic Ocean penetrate the territory of the district. At this time there is a warming and a thaw, a lot of snow falls.

Winter on the Gydan peninsula is the longest climatic season of the year. In the Arctic it lasts up to eight months. The absolute minimum of temperature is minus sixty-one degrees. The snow cover reaches seventy to eighty centimeters. It depends on the county districts. The period of stable frost lasts up to two hundred days.

In the summer on the Gydan peninsula, the average monthly air temperature is ten degrees above zero. This time occurs in July, when the maximum amount of precipitation falls. The exception is the tundra. Here they are in most cases fall in August.

Autumn on the Gydan peninsula comes at a temperature below ten degrees Celsius. September and October are characterized by a gradual decrease in temperature and frequent drizzling rain. Mountainous areas and tundra are frozen at the end of August.

Gydansky Reserve

The date of its formation is one thousand nine hundred and ninety-sixth year. The purpose of creating a reserve is to preserve nature in connection with the impact of anthropogenic nature during oil and gas development of the territory. After all, geologists and drillers seriously violated the deer pastures and hunting grounds by the work of heavy equipment. Some of the lakes are poisoned by sewage and solutions, the natural habitat of birds and animals is disturbed. The reserve on the Gydan peninsula is of great importance in preserving the bird's passageway, which runs along the Asian coasts to the north.

This is the youngest reserve in Tyumen. Its location is Tazovsky district. The reserve occupies the peninsula Gydansky, Jawai, Deer, Mammoth and small islands. Its area is 878174 thousand hectares. The territory of the reserve is a plain, the relief of which is soft, rugged. There are icey loose deposits and powerful underground ice, the thickness of the layers is 4-5 meters. The terrain is entirely covered with permafrost up to three hundred meters in depth. July and August are considered to be the warmest months of the year, and January is the coldest with an absolute minimum temperature of minus sixty-three degrees.

Water resources

The north of the reserve is washed by the cold sea of the Russian Arctic - Karsky. The biggest shelf zone on this planet is this territory. Therefore, the fresh waters of rivers flowing into the sea affect it within two thousand kilometers from the mouth. The index of salinity changes. Great importance for the West of Siberia and the Kara Sea is the Yenisei and the Ob. After all, the relief and outlines of the sea were formed by river flows. The feeding of rivers is melted glaciers. In the summer the rivers are filled with water, but it is catastrophically small in them. And in winter, small rivers freeze to the bottom. The rivers of the tundra are very meandering. Lakes are shallow, so in winter they freeze to the full depth. The water of most of them contains few minerals.

Vegetation of the reserve

In contrast to the south of Yamal, large-scale reindeer herding and the development of the peninsula were late on the Gydan peninsula. This played a role in preserving the soil-vegetation cover in its natural form. The territory of the islands of the Kara Sea and the northern regions of the Gydan peninsula are occupied by bare ground and variegated vegetation, which is formed by mosses, creeping shrubs, lichens and grasses, among which sedge predominates. The territory of the reserve is rich in complex transitional marshes located in low places on the watersheds and floodplains of rivers. In some areas where the lakes have dried up, meadows with meager grassy vegetation lie.

On the nature of the localities for many centuries, the influence was exerted by indigenous people - the Nenets. They grazed livestock, cut down trees and bushes, made fires specially to expand the area of grazing meadows. Now in the south of the reserve larch is widely spread. In the center - alder, as a typical representative of the tundra subzone. Flora has up to two hundred species of plants. This figure varies depending on the terrain.

Birds and animals

The fauna of the reserve is relatively young. The oldest remains of the mammoth are only fifty thousand years old. The Red Data Book of the Russian Federation is supplemented by Siberian sturgeon and White-legged Diver, Lesser White-fronted Goose and Red-breasted Goose, small swan and crechet, white-tailed eagle and white bear, walrus and northern fin whale. All of them are inhabitants of the peninsula.

The Gydan peninsula, where the reserve is located, is famous for nesting red-throated gazre, white-fronted goose, duck-sailor, eider-grouse, tundra partridge, scorpion-snake, Asian brown-winged plover and many others. Here, their nests and predatory birds, such as the peregrine falcon and the cormorant, form their nests.

In the reserve there live insectivorous shrews, rodents lemmings, predators: bears are white, and in summer also brown, wolves, arctic foxes, foxes. Here lives a wild reindeer and moose, which is only a visitor to these places.

Inhabitants of the water basin

In the waters washing the reserve, sturgeon, Siberian lamprey, arctic char is a representative of salmon fish species. Coastal and inland waters abound in Siberian grayling, elm, tugun, arctic omul, rylad and many other species of fish.

The rivers of the reserve are full of burbot, stickleback and ruff. In the past, the coastal waters in the north of the reserve were full of walruses and seals. Now walrus walrus places are observed on the territory of the White Peninsula. From whale-like species here are found beluga whales, narwhals and finials.

Gydansky deposits

The first stage of prospecting works belongs to the sixties of the twentieth century. The investigations were carried out using seismic surveys using the method of reflected waves. Conducting search marine works was organized in the nineties of the last century. After a detailed study of all the results obtained, the Kamennomyssky Sea and the northern structure with the same name were discovered.

The next stage in the development of the depths of coastal water areas - 1999. Everything was prepared to conduct exploratory drilling of the first offshore wells. This was realized in a year, as a result of which the industrial gas content of the deposits was established. The same year was marked by seismic work on the preparation of exploratory drilling in the area of Chugoryakhinskaya and Obskaya structures, where in 2002 Cenomanian gas deposits were discovered on these sites.

Since that time, regular work is being done in the waters of the peninsula. New deposits of the Gydan peninsula are put on the map and their industrial development begins. Currently, they contain a half dozen million tons of oil, two trillion cubic meters of gas and forty million tons of its condensate.