Diagram of the heating system. Installation of heating systems. The scheme of heating the house

In the process of designing low-rise private houses it is necessary to solve one of the main tasks - the issue of heating. Lately, more and more people have opted for standalone devices. This is primarily due to the two main advantages of these systems before centralized ones. First, the installation of stand-alone equipment provides transparency in payment for utility services. Secondly, houses equipped with such systems are not dependent on planned long-term outage of hot water supply in the summer months. The market presents a large number of different types of equipment and components.

Selection

The main criteria for selecting the optimal heating system is the relationship between such indicators as price and quality. With a well thought-out approach to choosing, installing and ensuring proper functioning, it is possible to get uninterrupted supply of housing with hot water and heat at any time of the year with minimal costs. In this case, the durability and reliability of the heating system also increases. Properly installed and functioning equipment helps to solve one of the most important tasks, unattainable, for example, in furnace heating - maintaining a certain temperature for a long period of time. In this case, the system itself can operate in an autonomous mode, without the need for constant monitoring by a person.

Design Phase

A modern low-rise house (cottage) means the presence of a heating system and hot water supply. However, in the construction of almost every structure, there are many problems associated with the installation and commissioning of equipment. Installation of heating systems in each building begins at the time of the design of the building. The architect's task is to plan the optimal installation of equipment with the determination of the location of all elements. What is the heating system of a private house? The scheme includes three parts:

1. Boiler. He is responsible for generating heat.

2. Diagrams of wiring of heating systems. This, in particular, connecting pipes, through which the heat is transferred.

3. Directly the heating system itself. Most often these are radiators. Less commonly used heating system of a fundamentally different type, based on floor heating (warm floor).

Important points

The power of the boiler, which provides the most effective work, when designing a cottage for domestic needs is determined by a certain ratio. It looks like this: for 10 m2 of area should account for 1 kW. At the same time, at the design stage, the final output of the boiler is determined. This, in turn, allows you to immediately choose its brand and model. However, it should be noted that the total footage of the constructed building is not the only criterion for choosing the equipment. The correct professional selection should be carried out taking into account a number of key factors. In particular, they include:

- the material from which the house is made;

- the thickness of the walls of the structure;

- number of floors;

- material used as insulation of walls, floors, ceilings;

- the size and number of windows, their appearance and properties, and so on.

The combination of all factors, taking into account the possibilities of the installation, makes it possible to choose the optimal mode of hot water supply and heat supply in each concrete structure. Currently, one of the most popular and practical is the heating system of a private house, the scheme of which is based on the use of forced and natural circulation of the coolant. Other species are also widely used. In particular, one- or two-tube (ray) systems are popular.

Basic concepts used in the installation of stand-alone equipment

To better understand the difference between schemes, it is necessary to define several key terms used by specialists.

The device of water heating is a device by means of which the heat is extracted from the system for further transfer to the room. The most common types of radiators and batteries, recuperators, fan coil units and heated floors. In everyday life, as a rule, all instruments are called simply "battery".

The heat carrier is a liquid that is heated by the boiler. It transfers heat to the room through various types of batteries. The most common coolants are water and antifreeze. The latter consists of ethylene glycol and H2O. The main difference between antifreeze and water is the lower freezing point. This prevents the liquid from circulating in the heating system during the cold season.

The general heating circuit is a closed system through which the coolant circulates. In the process of its movement, as it was already noted above, the liquid is repeatedly heated by the boiler and gives the received heat with the help of batteries. The heating circuit, in addition to the main elements (boiler, radiators, connecting pipes), includes a number of additional equipment. Its elements include: pumps, pressure sensors, valves, expansion tanks and others.

The direct stroke (current) is a certain part of the common contour. On it there is a motion of the heat-receiving liquid to the devices of water heating. The reverse motion (current) is part of the overall contour structure. It originates from the devices of water heating to the place of heating (boiler).

Diagram of the heating system. Classification

Depending on the way the coolant circulates, the scheme of the house heating system can be forced and natural. The latter (in some sources gravity or gravity) acts due to the motion of the coolant due to the physical properties of the liquid. In this case, we mean the change in the density of water with an increase in its temperature. This scheme of the heating system assumes that the heat carrier heated by the boiler has a whiter density than the cold one. As a result, a process of displacement by a liquid with a lower temperature brought back by the reverse is more warm to direct current. In this case, the hot coolant rises up the riser and spreads along the heating circuit. To ensure better fluid movement, the equipment elements are located under a slight slope. Such a home heating scheme is easy to implement. The advantage of it can be considered a small dependence on other communications. However, the use of such a scheme is very limited. It becomes ineffective in the length of the general heating circuit of more than 30 m. This is due to the fact that at a meter distance of more than 30 the coolant manages to cool before a full circle passes. As a result, the general circulation is disturbed. The scheme of the heating system, based on forced movement (pumping), works at the expense of a special element - the pump. It provides a difference in pressure in the forward and reverse strokes. The properties of this system depend only on the characteristics of the pump, which is used for its operation. The disadvantage in this case is the dependence of the unit providing the operation on the power supply.

Connection Classification

Installation of heating systems can be carried out in two ways. There are the following types, depending on the method of connecting devices with a heat source:

1. One-pipe. It is based on a serial connection.

2. Two-tube (beam or collector). It is based on a parallel connection.

Serial connection

Heated coolant circulating through a single-pipe heating system, alternately enters all the heating appliances. In this case, each element is given a part of the thermal energy. This scheme is the simplest among all. Its implementation is the least expensive, in comparison with the rest. However, it should be said about the shortcomings that a single-pipe heating system has :

- the scheme does not allow to regulate separately the heat transfer level for each heating device;

- As you move away from the source, there is a decrease in the amount of thermal energy.

Parallel connection

The scheme of a two-pipe heating system assumes the use of a 2-way connection to each battery. One of them (the upper one) is a straight line. On the second pipe (bottom) - reverse current. With this connection, it is possible to control the heat output for each battery. This happens through the regulation of the coolant passing through it. A significant drawback of this scheme is the installation of additional elements of the heating system (pipes, valves, sensors, etc.). This significantly affects the final cost of the entire installation.

Radiation (collector) connection

This diagram of the heating system is one of the varieties of parallel connection. An essential difference is the convergence of elongated elements of forward and reverse travel on special combs located in the immediate vicinity of the heater. The advantage of this scheme is the absence of various compounds. The disadvantage of the connection is the high length of the pipes used. Before commissioning this connection must be balanced, that is, set the flow and flow rate of the coolant in each loop. Only in this case, an even distribution of heat across the batteries is achieved.

General recommendations for installation

1. To increase the flow of heat to the furthest radiators, a pump should be used. This is actual even with connections for natural circulation.

2. It should be remembered that the diameter of the pipes directly depends on the use of the pump in the system. The more powerful the unit, the smaller the cross-section. When using the pump, it is allowed not to apply slopes. However, when installing the unit, it is recommended to have an independent backup power source (battery).

3. The best thermal insulation properties have plastic and metal-plastic pipes. When using metallic elements in the process of transferring the coolant from the source to the battery, more energy is lost.

4. Circuit with forced circulation allows to reduce the volume of the coolant in the system by reducing the diameter of the connected pipes and using batteries with a smaller internal volume. In this case, not much fuel is spent on the overall heating of the system, while the heat output increases.