Combine harvester: history and modernity

In agriculture, a wide variety of techniques are used, both broad and narrow. And some of its types are working all year round, while others spend most of their time in the hangars. But without this and other techniques, farmers can not do. So, for example, in the field of suffering you can see a combine harvester, which nowadays performs the work of a dozen mowers. And it is a very complex grain harvester that continuously flows and sequentially performs several operations. The combine cuts off the cereals, feeds them to the threshing apparatus and throws out the grain from the ears. Then he separates it from straw and other impurities and transports it to the bunker. And from there, from time to time or even continuously, mechanically unloads the grain onto another transport.

In principle, the combine harvester replaces just three more simple machines - a header, a winnowing machine and a threshing machine. And you can cling to it additional nodes that allow you to harvest various crops. And the birthplace of this miracle of technology is the United States. Back in 1828, the inventor S. Lane patented a complex combined machine for harvesting cereals. She had to cut the grain plant, thresh it, and also to peel the grain from the husks. But it was never built. And in 1836 two inventors from the same America already mounted something similar to a combine harvester. He looked like a 4-wheeled wagon. And the rotation of the drive of the cutting device and threshing drum was carried out by transmission from the rear axle.

But the combine, constructively reminiscent of modern models, managed to obtain in 1836 two other inventors - J. Hascall and H. Moore. And this machine already in 1854 removed 600 acres of bread. Then gradually the grain combine was more and more perfected together with the development of technology. And in Russia the first such machine, produced by Holt, was delivered in 1913. It was a wooden construction on caterpillar tracks. She had a gasoline engine, which simultaneously activated the mechanisms for harvesting and for movement. But they did not have time to apply this combine, as the war soon began.

And when the USSR returned to harvesters again. At first they were imported from the USA, while establishing their own production. And in 1930, the first combine harvester left the gates of the Zaporozhye factory "Kommunar", the price of which corresponded to the work of many people. And by the end of the same year the factory workers had already produced 347 such machines. A year later Rostov plant Rostselmash began to produce the famous "Stalinists". And in 1932 the production of harvesters was established in Saratov at the Shelbodayev plant. These models were far from perfect, but they helped the villagers thoroughly. And after the war in the Union, serious scientific research was carried out, resulting in the models SK-5 and SK-6. Then, in 1970, the Taganrog plant began to produce a combine harvester "Kolos" or SK-6-ll, and Rostselmash - "Niva" SK-5.

And these machines for a long time plowed fields of the Soviet Union, and then of independent states. And now they were replaced by more modern models, such as combine harvester "Polesie" KZS-812-16. It is a compact and maneuverable machine that has a throughput of more than 8 kg / s. It is capable of producing over 12 tons of grain per hour. This machine is a type of combine harvester, which has already received widespread recognition. They have one threshing drum, a beater and a rock shaker. And this combine "Polesie" includes a grain harvester ZhZK-6-5 and a self-propelled thresher model KZK-8-0100000.