Cluster - what is it in school? Admission "cluster" in primary school

Each teacher strives to make the learning process brighter, more fun and more interesting. After all, the unusualness of the situation makes children better remember information.

A great way to achieve what you want is to turn your eyes to the cluster. What it is? At school, this is a technique that the teacher uses during the lesson. This is the name of the graphical method for organizing information, in which the main semantic units are identified, fixed in the form of a diagram explaining all the relationships between them. Educational cluster is an image that facilitates the systematization and generalization of educational material. It serves as a visual aid for the student.

Reception "cluster" develops the ability to form their own opinions on the basis of experience and observations. In addition, he promotes the self-educational activities of students, the ability to work both in the group and independently, activates educational activities. The guys have the opportunity to make corrections to the finished schemes.

Cluster - what is it? At school it is an opportunity for children to show themselves, to show how they see the proposed problem or topic. This is freedom of creativity.

Cluster - what is it in school?

Let's talk about the reception in more detail. The term "translation" means "constellation" or "bundle". A cluster is a graphical device for the systematization of knowledge in the form of a "bunch" or "bundle" of interrelated facts.

Cluster as a method of critical thinking

What is the modern education system oriented at? On increasing the independence of a junior schoolboy. Critical thinking is a pedagogical technology that stimulates the intellectual development of students. The admission of a "cluster" in an elementary school is one of its methods.

Critical thinking passes through three stages: challenge, reflection, reflection.

The first stage is the activation stage. All students are involved in the process. Its purpose is to reproduce already existing knowledge on a given topic, to form an associative series and to raise problem questions on a topic. The phase of understanding is characterized by the organization of work with information. It can be reading the material in the textbook, thinking or analyzing the facts. Reflection is the stage when the received knowledge is processed in the course of creative activity, after which conclusions are drawn.

If you look at these three stages from the point of view of the traditional lesson, it becomes obvious that they are not fundamentally new for teachers. They are present in most cases, only are called somewhat differently. The "challenge" in the more familiar title for the teacher sounds like "actualization of knowledge" or "introduction to the problem". "Comprehension" is nothing more than "the discovery of new knowledge by students." In turn, "reflection" coincides with the stage of fixing new knowledge and their primary verification.

What is the difference? What is the fundamentally new technology of "clustering" in primary school?

The element of unusualness and novelty consists in methodical methods, oriented to creating conditions for the free development of each individual. Each stage of the lesson involves the use of its methodical techniques. There are quite a lot of them: a cluster, an insert, a synquine, a table of thick and delicate questions, a zigzag, "six hats of thinking," true and false statements, and so on.

Cluster technology: what are the advantages and results of using this method?

What skills are formed and developed in the process of this work?

1. Ability to formulate questions.
2. To find the main thing in a large volume of educational material.
3. Establish cause-effect and logical relationships.
4. Build inferences.
5. Go from private to general, perceiving the problem in general.
6. To draw analogies.
7. Compare and analyze.

Application of "cluster" technology: advantages

1. Allows you to cover a much larger volume of educational material.
2. Involves all students in the learning process.
3. Activities are interesting for children.
4. Students are open and active, as they have no fear of making a wrong judgment.
5. Organizes creative activity, provides a flight of fantasy.

In what order to act, forming a cluster?

The sequence of actions in the compilation of "bunch" is logical and simple.

In the middle of the blackboard or a clean sheet is written the key word or sentence, which is the main thing in the disclosure of the topic, the idea. Further around, other words or sentences are written that express facts, ideas, images suitable for the chosen topic. As you record, all new elements are joined by a straight line with a key concept. Each "satellite", in turn, also has "satellites" - thus establishing new logical links between concepts.

At which stage of the lesson is it more productive to use cluster reception?

Cluster in primary school can be used at any stage of the lesson. It will suit both the stages of challenge, reflection and reflection, and also as a basic strategy for conducting the lesson.

When organizing work with junior schoolchildren, their age features must be taken into account. Remember that the teacher in these lessons is a kind of coordinator of the work: directs the efforts of the students in the necessary direction, confronts various judgments, helps create conditions that will lead to independent decision-making.

What good is the cluster? What is it in school? Method of independent work of students. To this technique has become technological, it is sufficient to carry out similar work 2-3 times. Students are happy to make clusters. On questions that did not have time to consider at the lesson, you can work at home. The application of the "cluster" method is not limited to the class-lesson activity of junior schoolchildren.

How to apply the cluster method at different stages of the lesson?

Call Phase

At this stage, students express and fix all the knowledge on the topic that they have, as well as all associations and assumptions. Here the cluster is a stimulating component of the cognitive activity of younger schoolchildren, which creates a motivation for thinking before starting a new topic.

Stage of comprehension

At this stage, the reception of the cluster will allow to structure the educational material, improving the quality of its assimilation.

Stage of Reflection

This is the stage of generalization of the acquired knowledge and skills that will help to systematize the cluster.

Examples of drawing up such schemes, at least some of them, are presented on the page. The method is good because it is suitable for use in any lesson and at all stages of the lesson, in the form of its overall strategy. So, at the beginning of the lesson, the students fix all the knowledge that they own. Further on in the course of the lesson, the students complete the scheme with new data. It is advisable to do this in a different color.

The reception of the cluster contributes to the development of the ability to highlight the main thing, to assume and make forecasts, to analyze and supplement.

Are there any principles for making a "bunch"?

A cluster of history or some other discipline can be designed as a model of the planet with its satellites or in the form of bunches.

The key concept, the thought is located in the center, then, on the sides of it, the large semantic parts are designated, which are connected with the central "planet" by straight lines. These can be sentences, phrases or words that express facts, thoughts, associations or images relating to a topic.

You can divide a sheet into a certain number of sectors that will have a common part in the center - this is the key concept and the blocks associated with it.

Cluster - examples of correct concretization, systematization of the facts that are contained in the material being studied. So, around the "satellites" of the already existing "planet" there are even smaller satellites, less significant units of information that more fully reveal the topic and expand the logical connections.

Cluster: examples in primary school. How correctly to issue a "bunch"?

The design of the cluster depends on the manner in which the teacher organized the lesson: for example, a "bunch" can be framed on a whiteboard, on separate sheets or even in student notebooks as individual tasks are performed. When composing a cluster, it is best to use multi-colored chalk, pens, pencils, markers or markers. This will highlight the key points and more clearly display the overall picture, simplify the process of systematization and classification of information.

How to create a cluster in the classroom: tips and tricks

By making a "bunch," do not be afraid to state all your thoughts, assumptions, facts, and record everything that comes at the level of associations. After all, in the course of the work all the wrong and inaccurate can be corrected or supplemented. Students can give free rein to imagination, fantasy and intuition, working as long as the flow of ideas does not run out. Do not worry, and because of the presence of a significant number of semantic links on the diagram. Cluster on a topic that is itself extensive, and should turn out to be quite large. The main thing is to find as many logical links between the blocks as possible. At the stage of the analysis of work, everything is systematized and will fall into place.

How to apply the cluster method in the lessons?

So, the cluster. Examples in the primary school can be truly diverse: this technique can be used in almost every lesson when studying a wide variety of topics.

Using this method of work, you can use absolutely any form: collective, individual or group. It is determined by the goals and objectives of the lesson, the capabilities of the teacher and students. Let's take a transition from one form to another.

For example, at the stage of a call, each student works individually: each child creates his own cluster in his notebook. When new knowledge begins to flow, even during general discussion and discussion, drawing on personal drawings, one can create a common graphic scheme.

The cluster can be used as a way of organizing work during the lesson or as a homework. If you are asking students to make a cluster at home, then remember the importance of having the students some experience and skills in drafting it.

Cluster technology: example

As an example, take the compilation of "grapes" in the lesson of social studies. The studied topic is "Monarchy".

At the beginning of the work on the "cluster" students express all associations and proposals on this issue, and the teacher, in turn, fixes them on the board.

Example: power, monarch, form of government, head of state, autocracy, state system, power.

Then follows the introductory reading of the paragraph in the textbook. In the course of acquaintance with the material or the result of reading the text, the cluster is supplemented by "fresh" facts. The teacher fixes them on the board with the help of a chalk of a different color.

The result of the lesson is an analysis of the resulting picture. It is necessary to discuss the correctness or incorrectness of the initial facts and judgments. An important step is the generalization of the acquired knowledge.

What is the use of the cluster in teaching children?

The cluster method promotes the development of system thinking, the ability to creatively reprocess the material, teaches the children to classify and analyze not only the facts from the textbook, but also their value judgments, develops the skill of considering several positions at once, teaches us to formulate and express our own opinion, which is based on experience And observations.

Conclusion

A lesson using cluster technology, or "grapes", gives children the opportunity to express themselves, express their opinions, and also provides scope for creativity. In general, non-traditional methods of teaching, which are actively used in the educational process, contribute to increasing the motivation of students, give a sense of their own freedom, and shape the atmosphere of mutually beneficial cooperation.