Women-servicemen: education, specialties, rights and duties

Contrary to popular belief that the defense of the Motherland is only for men, more and more representatives of the fair sex join the ranks of the Russian army. Many female soldiers are hardy, hardworking, not afraid to take up arms. Often they relate to the performance of the commander's tasks much more responsibly than male colleagues.

Why do young girls agree and even seek to become servicemen? What educational institutions do they do for this? Are there army specialties suitable for women? We will try to answer these questions in detail.

The state is interested in military cadres of the female

Currently, the army and navy of the Russian Federation has about 100,000 women. Half of them are military posts, half are civil. Girls in peacetime are not subject to compulsory recruitment into the army. They serve only on their own, on a contract basis.

One of the strategic goals of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation after 2010 is to incite in the representatives of the fair sex an interest in military service. Due to the fact that many men do not want to go into the army and try to avoid doing civil duty in various ways, many vacancies are being created in the Russian armed forces. Women who are ready to serve help solve the problem of staffing the army. Thanks to the growing number of women in the ranks of the defenders of the Fatherland, the armed forces of the Russian Federation are becoming more progressive and diversified.

The State Duma is preparing a bill, according to which girls who have reached the age of 18 will be sent summons from military registration and enlistment offices. However, to decide whether to go to serve, women will be themselves.

Why do girls want to join the army

It turns out that there are quite a few young women who are ready to become defenders of the Fatherland. In military educational institutions, a large competition for "ladies" specialties is often formed: up to 10 applicants for a place. What motivations most often cause women to become servicemen?

1. Many girls want to join the ranks of the army, because they are real patriots of Russia. They want to defend the Motherland and consider military affairs their vocation.

2. Some members of the fair sex view service in the ranks of the armed forces as a way to move up the social ladder. This motive is especially common among women planning to build a political career.

3. Spouses of defenders of the Motherland, living in parts and closed towns, often master military professions. For them, as a rule, there is no other way to go to work.

4. Some young girls enter higher education institutions of military profile at the insistence of parents who want to raise a high moral character in their daughters. Mothers and fathers rightly believe that by learning the art of the army, their daughters will acquire such valuable qualities as dedication, will power, rigor to themselves. As a rule, in this case, parents do not insist that the girls remain in military service after graduation. Nevertheless, many young women "get involved" and continue to work on a voluntary basis in their specialty.

5. For some girls, the development of military affairs becomes the only way to obtain higher education, if there is no other higher education institution in the village.

6. Many young women entering the service seek to increase their chances of marriage in this way. In military units they work together with young men and are often surrounded by the attention of fans.

Some representatives of the fair sex on the forums note that women, along with men should be subject to compulsory recruitment into the army. Ladies believe that this will help them to obtain the necessary skills of self-defense, to learn how to handle weapons and provide first aid. In addition, many young girls are ready to attend service because, if necessary, the fair sex representatives will also have to defend the Motherland.

What vacancies can women receive in the Russian armed forces?

There is a list of military specialties for women, approved by the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. The text of the document is classified. It is known, however, that the representatives of the weaker sex can not be involved in military operations on the front line. Female servicemen participate in battles only in case of emergency. In the army, they serve as rear workers.

What military specialties are provided for the fairer sex?

1. Medical: military doctor, paramedic, nurse, pharmacist, pharmacist.
2. Technical: master, mechanic, machine operator.
3. In the field of communication: an operator, a telegraph operator, a radio operator, a radio mechanic, a military communications officer.
4. In the field of observation of the terrain: a cartographer, a meteorologist, a meteorologist or a hydrometeorological observer, a topogeodesist, a theodoliser.
5. In the field of photogrammetry: photogrammetrist, photolaborator.
6. In the field of polygraphy: engraver, master of printers, zincograph.

A prospective specialty for a girl is a military communications officer. Many women become indispensable in the army thanks to the ability to use various hardware to provide communications. They transmit signals, most often encrypted, with the help of telegraph, television, telephone, telecode and signal communication. It is thanks to the high-quality work of these specialists that servicemen receive timely orders from command centers and operational information.

Popular among women are military specialties that can be conditionally considered safe: an interpreter, a psychologist, a teacher, a lawyer, an economist, a research assistant.

Military ranks of women

It's no secret that the ranks of the Russian army are appropriated in accordance with the level of qualifications and positions held. Having graduated from a military college, the graduate becomes an officer. Theoretically, a woman can get any title, depending on her age and personal achievements.

But in practice, ladies working in units rarely receive high ranks of the Russian army. 25% of female servicemen are ensigns of them midshipmen. A higher status (up to the rank of general) is attained by a lady in the civil service in the police, the prosecutor's office, the tax service, the FSB.

Military educational institutions

At present only women who have a military specialty, that is, graduates of special educational institutions, are placed on the military register. The Ministry of Defense, depending on the needs of the armed forces in cadres, annually regulates the number of places in universities and colleges for girls. Therefore, it is difficult to plan a military career for a fairer sex, because in the year of graduation, admission to the desired specialty may be closed.

What educational institutions are willing to consider female entrants? The best known are:

1. Military Medical Academy of SM Kirov, St. Petersburg (there is a branch in Moscow). This institution carries out professional training of military paramedics and doctors. In the academy there are two areas of work:

• Training of medical specialists from scratch,
• Advanced training of civilian doctors.

A girl can get education in the specialties "medical business", "pharmacy", "medical preventive work", "dentistry".

The SM Kirov Military Medical Academy offers full-time training programs for feldshers (3 years) and doctors (6 years). There are scientific departments in the university.

2. Military Communications Academy named after Marshal of the Soviet Union S. Budyonny, St. Petersburg. The higher educational institution gives the secondary professional (military technician) and the higher (military engineer) education. From its walls are specialists in the field of communication systems, switching, software of the armed forces.

The term of full-fledged training at the academy is 5 years. After graduation, the girl receives the rank of lieutenant. The secondary education program is designed for a period of 2 years 10 months. The graduate is awarded the rank of ensign.

3. Academy of Civil Protection EMERCOM of Russia, Moscow - an excellent military institute for girls. Representatives of the fair sex can be trained here in the specialties of a military psychologist, an interpreter, a lawyer, a teacher, an economist, a personnel officer. There are full-time and correspondence courses.

4. The Military University of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation (Moscow) prepares specialists for work in "hot spots". After graduating from high school, you can get a specialty of forensic scientist, military journalist, translator, orchestra musician. According to the documentation, the university accepts girls. However, in practice, according to the management, the set of female persons has not been produced for a long time, since the 90s.

5. Academy of Management of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia (Moscow) prepares specialists for service in the bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The university is also engaged in upgrading the skills of existing personnel.

6. The Air Force Academy of Professor NE Zhukovsky and Yu. A. Gagarin (Voronezh) prepares meteorologists, radio technicians, security specialists for automated and information systems, air traffic controllers, and logistics personnel for providing weapons. At the end of the university, the qualification "engineer" is assigned.

7. Volsky Military Institute of Material Support (Volsk, Saratov Region). The university is training the logistics specialists to provide troops. There are quite a lot of female students here.

In general, there are about 20 higher military schools in Russia, ready to take on girls for training. There are specialized educational institutions in Rostov, Penza, Stavropol. Cadets who are studying at universities that are accountable to the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation receive monthly allowances in the amount of 10 to 25 thousand rubles.

Military institutions do not accept women for training:

• Previously convicted;
• Not having the right to perform military service under the law before the expiration of any period;
• Who are registered in psychoneurological dispensaries;
• Having medical contra-indications for military service.

The legal rights of women in the army

Female servicemen are entitled to the same rights as men. However, their legal status has its own peculiarities. In particular, women in military units should be provided separate from men's rooms for sleeping, resting, changing the wardrobe. To women in the service does not apply this form of punishment as a disciplinary arrest: they do not sit in the guardhouse.

The main document, which fully spelled out the rights and duties of the military, including women, is the 1998 Federal Law on the Status of Servicemen. In it, the fair sex does not stand out in a separate category. All provisions relating to men are equally valid for women.

According to this document, representatives of the fair sex receive benefits, laid by the military, including:

• Treatment, the receipt of medicines for free or at reduced cost;
• Extended holidays (up to 45 days per year);
• Housing subsidies;
• Privileges for education for children, primary admission to educational institutions;
• Pension of military men.

Rights of a military serviceman related to pregnancy and childbirth

Pregnant women are fully exempted from physical exertion. They also have the right to free medical care in specialized institutions. If the pregnancy period is up to 20 weeks, if there are no complications, the woman-soldier visits the gynecologist once a month at the place of registration. At a period of 20 to 30 weeks, the frequency of visits to the women's consultation is at least 1 time in 2 weeks. At a period of more than 30 weeks, the frequency of visits to the gynecologist is at least 1 time per week. A female serviceman of the Russian Federation receives a generic certificate and a childcare allowance. For two months before and after childbirth, they are given an additional cash allowance. Pregnant female soldiers are entitled to leave to care for a child up to 3 years.

At what age can a woman serve

Representatives of the weaker sex "work" in the ranks of the armed forces on the basis of fixed-term contracts. The first "agreement" a woman can conclude with a military unit at the age of not less than 20 and not more than 40 years. The term of service under the contract is 3.5 or 10 years, depending on the position and rank. Further, if the lady properly fulfills the terms of the contract and wishes to continue the service, the "agreement" is extended. The maximum age of female servicemen, to which they can continue to serve the fatherland, is 50 years.

Physical training

FIZO military servicemen supported by the command of units at a high level. Ladies serving in the army are trained daily. Women contract servicemen must comply with their "work", in terms of health and physical fitness. Ladies hand over specifications on PHYSI:

• When entering a university special profile;
• In the process of training, quarterly;
• When concluding a fixed-term contract;
• In the course of the service - quarterly.

Mandatory standards for women military personnel are approved by the Order of the Ministry of Defense. Ladies, to confirm their compliance with the requirements of the army, perform 3 blocks of exercises.

On the force.

One of two options is fulfilled:

1. Flexion and extension of the arms in the support lying:

• For women under the age of 25 years minimum - 12 times,
• For women over the age of 25, a minimum of 10 times.

2. Torso bending forward:

• For women under the age of 25 years, a minimum of 25 times,
• For women over the age of 25, a minimum of 20 times.

At the speed.

One of three options is fulfilled:

1. Running on 60 m:

• For women under the age of 25, the normative time to overcome the distance is 12.9 seconds;
• For women over the age of 25 the normative time to overcome the distance is 13.9.

2. Running on 100 m:

• For women under the age of 25, the normative time to overcome the distance is 19.5 seconds;
• For women over the age of 25, the normative time to overcome the distance is 20.5 s.

3. Shuttle run 10 * 10 m:

• For women under the age of 25 the minimum standard is to run the distance for 38 seconds;
• For women over the age of 25, the minimum standard is to run the distance for 39 seconds.

Endurance.

Exercise - running for 1 km:

• For women under the age of 25, the normative time to overcome the distance is 5 minutes. 20 seconds,
• For women over the age of 25 the normative time to overcome the distance is 5 minutes. 46 seconds

Women over 40 years of age are not involved in the delivery of physical standards.

Dress

For women in the service, as well as for men, it is mandatory to wear a uniform. You can wear other types of clothing only during rest, at weekends, during holidays and outside the military unit, if the output is not connected with the performance of the service assignment.

The uniform of female servicemen is approved by the order of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and is sewed by authorized factories. It can be given to a lady for free by a military unit or purchased independently by her in a specialized store.

A military uniform can not be worn by a civilian who does not have the right to do so. It is also forbidden to wear uniforms and insignia that do not match the title and position.

The style of women's overalls was developed by the Russian fashion designer V. Yudashkin.

Field species of the form are sewed from membrane tissues using nanotechnology. Military uniforms sit neatly on a female figure and do not constrain movements.

Successful career of women in military service

The most grandiose career of a woman military, which the whole world remembers, is the professional path of Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova, who alone performed a three-day space flight on the Vostok-5 spacecraft. Tereshkova achieved the higher rank of Major-General, having started her seniority from the position of "bracelet" at the Yaroslavl Tire Plant.

Currently, many successful female servicemen work in the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. Among them: Deputy Defense Minister Tatyana Shevtsova (engaged in the economic block), the head of the staff of the Minister of Defense Elena Kalna, the press secretary of the Minister of Defense - Lieutenant Colonel Irina Kovalchuk, the head of the military education system - Ekaterina Priezzhev.

Conclusion

Now you know how to build a career of female soldiers. At present, the labor of most of them is considered not too prestigious. All privileges, such as high ranks, interesting assignments, status posts, in the armed forces are mostly given to men. However, now the number of women in the Russian army is increasing, and gradually their legal status is changing for the better.