Secondary vocational education: vocational school, college, technical school

The structure of secondary vocational education plays a very important role today in the training of highly skilled workforce.

Every day there is a growing need for specialist practitioners. At the same time, with the development of the economy and production, the requirements to their professionalism and skill level are regularly raised.

The shortage of cadres of working professions increases the interest in specialists in secondary vocational education. Positions considered previously unprestigious are now more and more in demand in the labor market. The issue of training in these areas is becoming urgent. In this regard, specialized educational institutions engaged in the training of middle-level staff (SSU), continue to occupy a strong place in the system of Russian education.

Government institutions of secondary vocational education Carry out for today training on 280 various specialties. With the development and modification of production, this list regularly grows and replenishes.

Types of ssuzov

Secondary vocational education can be implemented at two levels. Allocate an initial and elevated levels.

To date, there are two types of educational institutions in the Russian Federation engaged in the training of specialists in vocational education of the second stage:

• Technical school - the main type of educational institution, where students have the opportunity to get secondary vocational basic education;
• College - an institution of advanced level, where the teaching is conducted on in-depth programs (it may be subordinate subdivision of the university or institute or an independent structure).

Initial vocational education, in turn, can be obtained in lyceums and vocational schools (vocational schools). These schools have a different educational base.

The professional lyceum differs from the college with a higher level of student preparation.

At the end of the educational institution with in-depth teaching, the graduate is given the qualification "specialist", students of lyceums and colleges - an "entry-level specialist".

Secondary vocational education of entry level

The average professional institutions in the field of initial training include specialized lyceums and schools.

The number of institutions with basic education in our country is about 4 thousand today. They are visited by more than 1.5 million adolescents.

Citizens who have received professional primary education have the right to continue their educational career in higher-level educational institutions under reduced programs.

Also, if necessary, students can receive a certificate of general secondary education. To do this, it is necessary to pass the state examination, on the basis of which the relevant document is issued.

Graduates who have received secondary vocational education of entry level have the right to continue their educational career in technical schools, colleges, and also in higher educational institutions.

Secondary vocational education of a higher level

Those wishing to obtain a high-level secondary education should choose for admission not a lyceum, not a vocational school, but a college or a technical school.

In Russia there are more than 2,5 thousand secondary schools with in-depth study, attended by about 2.3 million students.

Increased level of secondary special educational institutions are obtained through the introduction of educational standards of additional programs:

• Professional practice;
• In-depth study of individual subjects and disciplines;
• Getting an additional specialty in parallel with the main one.

Training in higher education institutions is as close as possible to university education. Students here have more hours of auditorium than in primary education institutions, pass exams and tests, write term papers and diploma papers.

For example, students who chose a construction college, along with graduates of a higher education institution of the same direction, must pass and defend qualifying thesis projects related to specialized topics. The only difference is in understated requirements for students of secondary vocational schools. Therefore, secondary schools of an elevated level can be considered the lowest level of higher professional education.

Often, colleges are a structural unit of the university and are under the authority of this institution. Students who plan to continue their education in institutions of higher professional education should pay attention to this fact. Having a diploma of such a college, graduates have the right to receive a profile education at the university on reduced programs. This is a great advantage, as it makes it possible to shorten the term of study at a university, and also combine work and study.

Conditions of admission

Persons who have received basic general or secondary general education can enter the secondary school. This item is one of the basic requirements.

Applicants of educational institutions of primary vocational education are exempt from passing obligatory entrance examinations. To enroll you must submit the following documents:

• The original of the document on school education (9 or 11 classes);
• 4 photos (3 х 4);
• Medical certificate;
• Copies of the passport and birth certificates;
• A statement addressed to the director about enrollment.

In some cases, when entering secondary special education for certain specialties, if necessary, an interview with the candidate is conducted at the discretion of the educational institution. The entrant can be asked to pass written tests for proficiency and the level of knowledge in school subjects. Similar requirements can be presented also in the event that the number of those wishing to study in this specialty exceeds the number of budget places. In such a situation, the competition is based on the average score of the certificate and the results of the tests passed.

Admission to institutions of secondary vocational education of an advanced level is carried out on a competitive basis on the basis of entrance examinations.

One of the main requirements for the use of a license is the availability of a license. Therefore, before submitting documents to both the state and commercial institutions, you should make sure that the institution has a relevant document with a current validity period.

Students who need housing for the period of study are provided with a hostel.

Outside the competition, the following categories of citizens are enrolled in the secondary vocational education:

• Orphans and children left without parental care;
• disabled children;
• Persons of other categories, preferential receipt of which is provided by the state.

With the development of modern information technology, the process of submitting documents to secondary vocational schools is being modified and simplified. Many establishments actively use Internet technologies to receive applications. Forms of questionnaires are posted on the official website of the educational institution.

This method is convenient both for the entrant and for the members of the admissions committee. In order to apply, it is necessary to fill out a questionnaire on the website of the educational institution. The decision to participate in the competition is taken remotely. The original applicant submits the documents after receiving a positive decision. Until then, his personal presence is not necessary.

Forms and duration of training

Secondary vocational education is available on the following forms of education:

• Full-time;
• Full-time (evening);
• Extramural.

The term of obtaining primary vocational education is from two to three years on the basis of nine classes and from one to two years after eleven classes. Terms directly depend on the educational institution and the chosen specialty.

The duration of obtaining an average higher vocational education is also determined by the level of training of students. For those enrolled after nine classes, he is between three and four years old. On the basis of eleven classes - from two to three years.

Deadlines for submitting documents

Educational institutions have the right to establish their terms for the beginning of documents acceptance. Usually, the commission starts working in June, after finishing the final exams (but not later than the 20th day), and accepts applications until the end of August (but not later than the 26th).

It should be borne in mind that the timing of filing for full-time and correspondence, budget and contractual forms of training may vary.

Educational standards

As a rule, the standards of secondary vocational education consist of two parts. The first is a federal program approved by the Ministry of Education. Each year this document can be modified. General standards and requirements adopted in relation to secondary vocational schools are obliged to comply with all institutions of secondary vocational education.

The second is a program approved at the regional level. Therefore, people studying in the same type of educational institution can study different subjects and have different number of hours of study.

Programs of secondary vocational education of a higher level allow the acquisition of additional specialties on a budgetary or paid basis.

Upon completion of training, students must pass a state certification. After the successful surrender, the graduates are given the qualification. In case of a negative result, the student receives a certificate of completion of the training course in this institution, indicating the time and number of hours of class.

Persons who do not pass the final certification are entitled to pass it for the next year.

Financing

Students who receive secondary vocational education have the right to study at an educational institution for free.

Graduates of institutions that received an entry level diploma and decided to continue their educational career in colleges or technical schools can also apply for state funding.

Getting a second education in a secondary school of the same level - only paid.

In addition, colleges, technical schools, lyceums and vocational schools in Moscow, St. Petersburg and other Russian cities offer the possibility of contract training on a commercial basis.

Students who are trained on a budget receive a scholarship in accordance with the established procedure.

Specialties of secondary vocational education

For those who decided to receive a humanitarian or technical education, specialties, the list of which is approved for educational institutions by the Ministry of Education, provides an opportunity to master a worthy profession.

Secondary professional educational institutions conduct training in the following sectors:

• Agriculture and fisheries;
• Hotel and restaurant service;
• Medicine and health;
• Fuel and energy sphere;
• Production of food, beverages and tobacco products;
• Manufacturing of textile products;
• Manufacturing of leather goods and footwear;
• Woodworking;
• Pulp and paper production;
• Publishing and printing industry, production of printed matter;
• Production of oil products, gas and nuclear industry;
• chemical production;
• Production of electrical equipment and optical equipment;
• Machine production;
• Production of rubber and plastic products;
• metallurgy;
• Transport production;
• furniture manufacturing;
• jewelry;
• The production of musical instruments;
• Production of sports goods;
• Recycling;
• Other production;
• Hotel and restaurant service;
• Trade (wholesale and retail);
• logistics;
• building;
• Educational and pedagogical activity;
• Medicine and health;
• financial activities;
• Social sciencies;
• the property;
• natural Sciences;
• humanitarian sciences;
• Culture and art;
• economics and Management;
• Information Security;
• service;
• Land management and geodesy;
• Geology and minerals;
• Air and rocket and space technology;
• Marine engineering;
• radio engineering;
• automation and control;
• Informatics and computer facilities;
• Timber processing;
• Protection of the environment and life safety.

The specialization of educational institutions is often connected with regional peculiarities, specificity of economy and production in this or that region. For the purpose of training qualified personnel, vocational guidance is provided for educational institutions.

Vocational school, technical school or college - what to give preference?

The choice of the institution directly depends on your plans.

If after graduating you want to become a university student, the college with the training in this specialty is most suitable (for example, for the subsequent admission to a construction university it is necessary to choose a construction college, in order to further master the profession of a doctor - medical college and so on).

You will receive a highly-qualified working specialty in a specialized technical school.

In higher-level educational institutions, they also train the intellectual work of the middle class - accountants, junior and middle-class teachers, auditors, as well as specialists from many other areas.

If you want to get a specialty in a short time, the best choice will be secondary vocational education of the elementary level.