What is the danger of salmonellosis? Treatment of the disease

In the departments of infectious diseases hospitals, especially in hot weather, people with a diagnosis of salmonellosis are very often hospitalized. Treatment of this disease should be carried out immediately, so that no complications arise.

Salmonellosis refers to acute diseases of infectious nature. Manifestations of it are very diverse. This can be a simple carrier of the pathogen, or the disease proceeds according to the type of gastroenteritis and even septic state.

Causes of the disease

The causative agents of this disease are gram-negative rods - salmonella. This is a fairly large group of microorganisms, which includes more than two thousand different serotypes. Sticks are quite mobile, feel great and successfully develop in a variety of nutrient media. The causative agent is stable in the environment, long remains viable on food products, and in meat and milk, salmonella reproduce without affecting the color and taste of the products. Getting with low-quality products in the body, the rods begin to parasitize in the small intestine, localizing in the cells of its mucous membrane. Salmonella in the process of its life emit a dangerous toxin, which with blood spreads to all organs, causing the formation of purulent foci. Strong dehydration of the body and a shock condition are those complications with which salmonellosis is dangerous. Treatment of such patients is carried out in intensive care wards .

Clinical manifestations of the disease

The asymptomatic period of the disease can be short, from a few hours to two or three days. Then suddenly there are symptoms of gastroenteritis, i.e. The temperature rises to high values, chills, weakness, pain in the muscles, nausea and often indomitable vomiting. After a short period of time, fetid diarrhea appears, which can be repeated up to 15 times a day. In this case, a large loss of liquid and electrolytes is noted. A strong dehydration of the body develops, blood pressure may decrease, the skin loses its turgor (elasticity), the patient's eyes fall. Elevated temperatures persist for several days. The most dangerous and severe is salmonella in pregnancy and in children, as rapid dehydration is a threat to the fetus.

In medicine, several forms of the disease are distinguished. Uncomplicated salmonellosis, the treatment of which does not require hospitalization in the hospital, is manifested by a slight temperature and disorder of the stool. Symptoms of the disease usually go through one or two days.

Typhoid-like salmonellosis by the clinic is similar to typhoid fever. The correct diagnosis is made on the allocation of Salmonella from the biomaterial.

Septic salmonellosis is severe, with a high fever of the wrong type and strong intoxication. With this form, purulent foci in the organs and joints can form. The disease can be complicated by endocarditis and meningitis. If such salmonella infection is diagnosed, the treatment is carried out under resuscitation or purulent surgery.

Colitis is manifested by spastic pain in the abdomen, frequent diarrhea with an admixture of blood. The clinic resembles the course of dysentery.

In the recognition of the disease, epidemiological prerequisites, such as the massiveness of poisoning or a specific link to a product, are of great importance. The most accurate diagnostic criterion is the allocation of a stick from food or vomit or stool.

Treatment of the disease

In medical activities it is very important to stop the supply of toxin into the blood from the digestive tract. To do this, wash your stomach and intestines as soon as possible. It is very important to adequately fill the body with liquid and electrolytes, respectively, losses. An infusion therapy with saline solutions, physiological saline and glucose is prescribed. In severe cases apply antibacterial drugs penicillin series. In a shock state with low blood pressure, in addition to infusion of hypertonic solutions, hormones are used. A rapid positive result in treatment is given by salmonella bacteriophage.

In most cases, with timely treatment begun, the disease prognosis is favorable.