What is the car windshield wiper motor. How to replace the windscreen wiper motor

Windshield wipers as an addition to the car are used almost from the time of release of the first production models of the vehicle. The need to protect the windscreen is due to measures to ensure safety when driving - the wipers clean its surface, creating conditions for optimal visibility. This operation requires the working elements of a special technical device that supports the windscreen wiper motor and the drive system as a whole. Despite the relatively modest dimensions, this is a rather complicated system, which entails malfunctions during operation and the need to replace certain elements of the mechanism.

Wiper Construction and Components

The structure of the windscreen washer includes a fixing unit, a brush and a clamping unit. The fastening mechanism is removable and contains a pin and leash locks. The adapter performs the functions of the connector. By the way, on how well it provides connection, the stability of the cleaner depends. The presser block directly moves the working elements - it is a system of several plastic or metal arcs. At the edges of the arches is attached a brush that directly contacts the surface of the glass and cleans it from dirt with rainwater. The described design is provided by a windscreen wiper motor, which is controlled from the passenger compartment by means of a special handle.

The device of the motor

The electric motor in "wipers" is also called a geared motor, and in modern versions it is usually three-brushes. The motor can have several speeds, while its working forces are produced by permanent magnets. The composition of this unit can be represented as follows:

• Body (for the gearbox and the motor itself);
• Anchor, as well as the rear and front sleeves of its shaft;
• Output shaft;
• Driven gear;
• Traverse, which has detents for brushes;
• Ring made of felt;
• collector;
• permanent magnet;
• The mechanism of the intermediate gears.

In some versions, the windscreen wiper also includes protection systems - in this quality, thermal-metal fuses, overload protection mechanisms are used , and chokes with capacitors also reduce radio interference.

Rear and front washers

In the process of driving, the car owner must have an overview from different angles and sides. Therefore, in addition to the traditional front wiper, there are also rear versions. In the first case, a double construction is envisaged, i.e., in order to improve the cleaning efficiency, the brush has two rubber bands. The smaller load is taken over by the rear wiper motor, since it drives a single design. However, this does not mean that the rear models have less risk of failure - the frequency of breakages is similar to the front.

In addition, there are "wipers" for side mirrors, but due to the complexity of implementing such systems, such solutions are gradually disappearing into the past, leaving the visibility functions to classic versions of washers.

Possible breakdowns

The wiper motor can be damaged by various factors that lead to a disruption in the connections between the brushes and the collector, the wedge in the reducer, the unstable operation of the motor, etc. At the same time, the windscreen wiper motor does not always require replacement, leaving the possibility of maintaining the operating state by correcting the position Components of the system - this, for example, applies to a bimetallic fuse. Disruptions in the operation of speed regimes are usually caused by breakdowns in resistors or switches.

Problems with brushes are also eliminated by simple manipulations with the stop mechanism - in most cases, their adjustment allows you to restore the performance of cleaning elements. Problems of an aesthetic kind, among which are creak, gnashing and other unpleasant sounds, are almost always solved by cleaning the brushes themselves. In addition, the dryness of the glass also leads to malicious noise.

How to remove the motor?

The main problems with the operation of the windshield wiper still affect the elements of the motor, requiring its repair or replacement. In general, when starting any repair operations, you should know how to remove the windscreen wiper motor, without damaging its structure and associated components.

First you need to unscrew the fasteners, fixing the levers - this will remove the brushes from the drive splines. The first thing to unscrew the nuts, and then remove the plastic bushes and gaskets. Further it is necessary to remove the shoe with wires. For this, it is necessary to raise the seals around the edges and carry out dismantling through the slot in the motor niche. At this stage, you should remove the entire wiper structure, remove the washer, spring and traction elements. This is an example of how to remove the front windscreen wiper motor without interfering with the drive systems of the car itself. When the device is seized, you can begin to inspect it and detect defects. Having evaluated the condition of the washer, it is necessary to make a decision - to replace it or repair it.

Features of removing the motor on the VAZ

If the work is carried out on one of the VAZ models, then it will be necessary to take into account some nuances of dismantling. In general, the operation is similar to similar actions on other cars, but there are some differences.

So, at first the power plug is turned off. This element is disconnected as a result of gently moving it away from the fixation point. Next, lift the seal, grasping its edges. So the rubber hood rises. The wires with the plug are taken out through the slots, after which the mounting bolts of the motor are unscrewed. To finally prepare the motor for the wiper of the VAZ for dismantling, it is also necessary to raise the protective cover. Then you need to lightly press on the splined pins - this should be done until the moment they fall through. This concludes the procedure. The motor is ready for removal.

How do I remove the motor on the rear wiper?

The device and the principles of mounting the rear window slightly differ from the front, as well as the means of providing the drive systems. Therefore, the approach to removing the washer with its electric motor has a number of features. Work begins with installing the janitor in a vertical position, which will make it possible to unscrew the fixing screws. Then, to remove the rear wiper motor, it is necessary to disconnect all external components of the system and the structure itself. In particular, the lever, the protective cap on the platen is removed, the bolt of the bracket is unscrewed.

A feature of this procedure is the need to remove the luggage compartment trim. For this, you need to take out the pistons in turn, blocking the approach to the terminal block with the wiring. It is important to take into account that you will have to remove two pads - one for the bundles, and the other for the cables. When these elements are removed, you can start to unscrew the screws that fix the motor. Then it remains to remove the drive component by turning it around.

Disassembly of the motor

After the external fasteners, due to which the electric motor is fixed, will be unscrewed, it is possible to begin disassembly. It is important not to touch the adjusting bolt, because axial clearance in the anchor shaft is possible. However, if the replacement of the windscreen wiper motor is planned, this factor does not matter.

The first is to remove the panel on the gearbox, and then - its gear and bolt mounting with embedded nuts. The body is dismantled with the brush holder and the anchor is immediately removed. It is recommended to blow out the casing with compressed air on site with the help of a compressor. The locking rings are located on the mechanism rollers - they must be removed completely together with the adjusting washers. From the bracket take out traction and sealing rings. The latter should be removed from both sides of the bracket - from the grooves.

Engine repair

Technical restoration of the electric motor can touch its different parts, as well as the state of the contacts and boards. In some cases, only cleaning of the elements is allowed, and other malfunctions assume their complete replacement. Typically, the repair of the windscreen wiper motor is performed after a thorough check of the condition of the following parts:

• Springs on motor brushes - poor quality of travel leads to the need for replacement;
• The collector is usually cleaned with abrasives (if the element is burned, the anchor must be replaced);
• Gear in the gearbox requires replacement if broken or worn out teeth are detected;
• The drafts of the cleaner are replaced, if they are bent;
• All rubber elements in the presence of the slightest cracks, breakage and scratches must also be replaced;
• Contacts can be burnt or oxidized (in such cases, they are cleaned with a fine-grained abrasive).

Of course, there are often cases when the repair of the windscreen wiper motor with the replacement of all the listed elements does not give the expected result. Usually this is due to the incompatibility of the device with the characteristics of the car itself or due to serious damage to the board, for example, if there is a burning of contacts with wires. Also, the inevitability of a complete replacement of the device occurs if the entire engine filling requires comprehensive repair. Although theoretically, restoration is possible, the result is unlikely to provide long-term operation of the "janitors".

Assembly and installation of the motor

If it is decided to purchase a new motor for the windscreen wiper and install it on the old structure, then during installation it is possible to operate in the reverse order. In this case it is desirable to mark the adjustment elements even at the dismantling stage. This will allow on-site to determine how to replace the windscreen wiper motor by installing a working analog to the same place and with the same settings. Also this rule applies if the old electric motor has been repaired - it is assembled and installed in the reverse order, but it should be taken into account that when mounting the armature in the special shaft connector, a thrust ball must be built into the body.

In the process of assembling the reducer, it is desirable to lubricate its gear and the shaft worm. As a lubricant, you can use a consistent solution. The same applies to the procedure of setting the thrust in the bracket - in this case, the rollers are lubricated. The crank mechanism is installed parallel to the shortened rod with the direction towards the electric motor.

Testing the working mechanisms

At the stage of repair or during preventive testing of windshield wipers, you can identify problems in the device in several ways. The quality of the mechanism is first of all explained by the function of the brush and its position in the brush holder. Cleaning elements should be unobstructed and easy to move in accordance with a given speed. The electric motor itself is tested by a tester. In particular, such diagnostics can detect violations in contacts and connections. In disassembled form, the device allows to evaluate the state of the reduction gear gear - in particular, these teeth and thread on the rolls are checked. The remaining components can be checked with the naked eye even with a superficial examination.