What cabbage happens: varieties, description, photo, cultivation

Everyone knows that cabbage is a very useful and tasty vegetable. It contains a lot of vitamins and microelements that are necessary for the human body. Without cabbage, do not cook borsch. It is brewed, stewed, marinated, etc. In fresh form this vegetable is used in different salads. Therefore, the owners of their own garden often grow this plant.

There are many of his options. There are such species as broccoli and cauliflower, white-bellied, Brussels, there are even decorative representatives of the species. Each of them has its own characteristics. To grow a good harvest, the summer resident should know the variety of seeds and its characteristics. For different types of dishes suits your type of cabbage.

general characteristics

When studying the question of what kind of cabbage happens, one should pay attention to its characteristics. All varieties, except for Peking, leaf, Chinese and color varieties are biennial plants. When you grow a vegetable, this must be taken into account. In the first year, biennial varieties develop a rosette of leaves, as well as storing organs (head). To collect seeds for breeding, it will be necessary to wait for the next year.

All varieties of cabbage can be conditionally divided into 3 groups. The early variety is ready for harvesting already 2-3 months after emergence. Average varieties yield a harvest after 3-5 months, and later - after 5-7 months.

Depending on the purpose of breeding, it is necessary to calculate the collection period. If you need cabbage in the spring for fresh salads, you definitely make a choice in favor of the early type of crops. Late varieties are suitable for harvesting vegetables for the winter.

Seedling

Wishing to plant this wonderful vegetable in your vegetable garden, it is necessary to find out where cabbage grows, how to plant its seeds. Ideal time for breeding seedlings is February - May. It is always considered when waiting for the harvest.

Seeds are best planted in pots with peat. Saplings do not tolerate transplantation. Therefore, they are left in these containers. When the shoots are 40-60 days, they are planted in the soil in the container where they grew. You can do this a little earlier, but you need to provide them with the most comfortable conditions.

If it is early spring, the landing is carried out in the greenhouse. Here, frosts can not damage seedlings. They will grow up in such conditions strong and healthy, ready for growth in the open ground.

History of cultivation

Seedlings of cabbage, the varieties of which are known to us today, grew on the beds of ancient people 4 thousand years ago. This vegetable appeared in the Central, Western Mediterranean and was used for food by the ancient Romans, Egyptians and Greeks. A relative of cabbage, from which the modern cabbage species originated, is a leaf variety.

In the process of development of civilization and trade, the plant, used for food, began to grow in the eastern territories. In accordance with the climate conditions, soils began to appear new varieties of cabbage.

In our country this plant got into the 13th-15th century from Western Europe. White cabbage was tightly integrated into the everyday life of the inhabitants of Russia. Many of her varieties were grown here. They are now exported to neighboring countries. In the 19th century, there were 22 varieties of cabbage. Some of them were unique.

In the pre-revolutionary period, our seeds began to grow imported seeds of this plant. Crossing with local species, they gave many new varieties. Since the middle of the 20th century breeders have brought out varieties, characterized by increased yields, resistance to climatic conditions.

Hybrids

For today in our country grow both local, and import kinds of the presented culture. Their total number now totals 133 varieties. There are also certain varieties of cabbage hybrids. They are assigned a marker F1.

They include 24 domestic and 58 imported artificially crossed crops. The work of breeders in this direction made it possible to create varieties that are resistant to unfavorable weather conditions.

Collecting the harvest in different seasons, it is possible to consume this vegetable all year round. The earliest species ripen back in April. Late cabbage yields until October. It is possible to store the vegetable for a long time.

White cabbage

One of the most common in our country is white cabbage. Grades, the description of which is suitable for this group, is also divided into early, middle and late. It should not be grown in the same place.

Seedlings grow well next to onions, potatoes, tomatoes or cucumbers. The soil is prepared from autumn. It is dug and fertilized (manure, humus) in an amount of 4 kg / m². In the spring, the ground is loosened up. It is also necessary to make fertilizer. In the holes are planted seedlings. Pits and fertilizers fall asleep in pits. Then they pour water. When it is absorbed, begin to install seedlings inside each well. Their root system must have a clod of earth.

The distance when planting should be 75x35, 60x40 or 50x50 cm. In the first days watering is carried out around each plant daily. After 1.5-2 weeks you can water the entire area of the beds.

The most popular in our country are such varieties as the early ones: No. Gribovsky 147 (1-1.5 kg head), June (1-12 kg); Mid-ripening: Golden hectare 1432 (1.2-2 kg), Stakhanovka 1513 (1.5-2.5 kg); Later: Amater 611 (2,5-3 kg), Wintering 1474 (3,5-4 kg).

Red cabbage

Studying what kind of cabbage happens, it is necessary to consider a variety such as a red-colored variety. This subspecies is attributed to the previous group of cultures. It is distinguished by the violet-red color of leaves and head. This is a more resistant to cold plants. It is used for cooking salads, including dietary. This vegetable is marinated. The healing properties of the plant are widely used by folk medicine.

This culture is planted in the open ground. The period of its growth is 160 days. Care and planting of seedlings is done like white cabbage. Popular varieties - Primero F1 (4 kg), Firebird (3 kg), Juno (1.2 kg).

Savoy cabbage

Savoy cabbage (pictured below) has wrinkled leaves. They are covered with irregularities and bubbles. It is eaten fresh or after heat treatment. This vegetable is not kept for as long as its white relative. But the taste and dietary characteristics greatly exceed the latter.

Savoy culture has an increased content of vitamin C, mineral and protein components. Cultivate this variety in the same way as the previous varieties. It is necessary to take into account the time of planting its seedlings.

Popular varieties - Mila 1 (3 kg), Jubilee 2170 (0.8 kg), Sphere (2.5 kg).

Kohlrabi

Savoy cabbage, the photo of which was presented above, differs in its dietary qualities, but it is kept poorly. Therefore, mistresses began to use in the preparation of different dishes such a variety as kohlrabi.

This cabbage has a stem of a spherical shape. It is used in the preparation of soups, salads. This vegetable highlights the high yield and high content of vitamin C. It is grown both in a greenhouse and in an open method. Plants are planted at a distance of 25x15 cm.

Harvesting occurs when the stems become 8-10 cm in diameter. In our country, most often grow Picant (0.5-0.9 kg), Vienna white 1350 (up to 2.5 kg).

Brussels sprouts

The source of protein for the body can be Brussels sprouts. According to this parameter, the presented variety is 1.5 times faster than the white group. This plant has a high stem, on which little kochanchiki develop in the sinuses of small leaves.

During the development of the leaf system, it is necessary to increase the nitrogen make-up of the plant. When the growth of kochanchikov begins, it is necessary to use phosphorus-potassium fertilizers. Cultivation of Brussels sprouts in the open field is characterized as a fairly long process. Seedlings are placed in the holes with a frequency of 60x60 or 70x70 cm. This plant does not need abundant watering. Only in particularly droughty periods should one trace the sufficient level of soil moisture.

Domestic farmers grow such varieties as Hercules 1342 (20-30 kochanchikov), Cassio (60-70 kochanchikov).

Cauliflower

Considering which cabbage happens, one can not ignore another popular variety. Its head, used for food, looks like a very much grown inflorescence. Hence the name of the variety. This is cauliflower.

She sings very quickly. Literally 15-20 days after planting the plant in the ground, its head is already suitable for food. This vegetable is soft and fleshy. Prepare it in all possible ways.

The best culture grows at a temperature of 14-17 degrees. At the same humidity of air and soil can be low. The plant does not tolerate a strong dry wind. Before planting, the soil is fertilized with manure, humus. The first batch of seedlings is introduced into the holes at the end of April. Later you can make 2-3 more calls with an interval of 10 days. Harvesting is carried out after 2-2,5 months.

Demand today for such varieties as the Snowball (650-850 g), Express (350-500 g).

Broccoli

Broccoli and cauliflower are the closest relatives. But the first one is tastier and more useful. Broccoli has a loose head. Food is also suitable for the lower part of the shoots. Therefore, this variety is also called asparagus.

This species is unpretentious to the growing conditions. It can be immediately sown in the soil at the end of April. If the crop is to be harvested in autumn, it will be planted in June. You can also plant seedlings. It becomes the strongest on the 35-45 day after the shoots shoot. The interval of the holes is 20x50 cm. It is necessary to loosen the soil, weed the beds and water them. More often varieties of Linda (0.5 kg), Monterey (1.9 kg) are grown.

Kale

If the climatic zone is characterized by a short summer, it is worth considering as an option for breeding leaf cabbage. This is a biennial plant. The presented variety includes fodder and decorative varieties.

All kinds of leaf cabbage can be used for cooking different dishes. Especially after freezing. But more often this variety is bred as an ornamental plant on a private plot. The culture has pinnate lily leaves. Their color varies from green to purple.

This variety can be planted in the open ground seedlings. It does not require a lot of moisture.

Salad leaves are made from leaf cabbage, it is used as an additive for marinating. It is worth noting that some sorts of Peking cabbage also belong to the leaf group. However, this culture can grow in cabbage and semi-tail forms. In contrast to the leaf variety, Peking cabbage is very demanding to watering. But its productivity is high because of a short period of maturation.

Food and medical properties

Regardless of the variety, cabbage has a high nutritional value. Many varieties are used as diet food. It is fried, stewed, marinated and eaten raw.

Depending on the growth conditions, the vegetable gets a certain set of properties. If watering was scarce, there will be less sugar in the cabbage. With optimal lighting and temperature, she manages to accumulate more vitamin C. The vegetable contains a small amount of protein. But it is well absorbed by the human body.

Also this vegetable is a rich source of vitamins. From trace elements it contains calcium, potassium, phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine. This product is useful not only in fresh, but also sugared form. It is used as an additional remedy for removing stones from the liver, gall bladder, and also to improve digestion.

Choosing a variety of cabbage for souring, you need to pay attention to Slavyanka, Yuzhanka 31, Biruchekutskaya 138, Volzhanka 9. These are high-yielding crops. They form a big head. They determine the high sugar content that accompanies the qualitative fermentation process. All vitamins and microelements of the existing varieties of cabbage are actively involved in the metabolic processes of the body.

In people who regularly eat this product, increases immunity, digestion is improving. Therefore, nutritionists recommend eating this vegetable for a variety of diseases and for prevention. The variety of today's varieties will allow you to choose each variant of this food product according to your taste.

Having considered what kind of cabbage happens, you can choose the best variety for your garden. Proper care will allow you to harvest rich crops. Regularly using this vegetable for food, you can strengthen health, improve immunity and even get rid of certain diseases.