What are the degrees Celsius used for?

In our time it is impossible to live without measurements. Measure length, volume, weight and temperature. There are several units of measure for all measures, but there are also
Universally recognized. They are used almost everywhere. To measure the temperature in the International system of units, degrees Celsius are used, as the most convenient. Only in the US and the UK still use a less accurate Fahrenheit scale.

History of temperature measurement

The concept of temperature was known to people in ancient times. They could determine that some object is colder or warmer than the other. But the need for precise measurements did not arise until the time when production appeared. Metallurgy, steam engines could not work without precise determination of the degree of heating of objects. Therefore, scientists began working on the creation of methods for measuring temperature.

The first such well-known system was the Fahrenheit scale. The German physicist Gabriel Fahrenheit proposed in 1724 to take the melting temperature of the mixture of ice and salt at 0 degrees. According to our usual scale, this is about -21 degrees. For 100 ^a scientist suggested taking the normal temperature of the human body. This system was not exactly accurate, but it is still used in the US, because frosts are stronger than 21 degrees they do not exist.

What other temperature scales exist

The 17th-18th century is the time of the development of science and technology. Many scientists tried to create their own temperature scale. By the end of the 18th century, there were about 20 of them. But only a few were used.

Reaumur scale

The French physicist René Antoine Ferschot de Reaureur suggested using alcohol in thermometers. In 1730, he took as the reference point 0 ^o , the freezing point of water. But he took the temperature of boiling for 80 °. After all, when the temperature was changed by 1 °, ^the alcohol solution, which he used in the thermometer, was changed by 1 ml. It was
It is inconvenient, although such a scale existed for a long time in France and in Russia.

Celsius

It was proposed in 1742 by Swedish scientist Anders Celsius. The temperature scale was divided by 100 ^° between the freezing point and the boiling point of water. Degrees of Celsius - is still the most common unit in the world of temperature measurement.

Kelvin scale

In the 19th century, with the development of thermodynamics, it became necessary to create a convenient scale for calculations that would allow us to relate the pressure, volume, and temperature of the vapor. The English physicist Thompson, who was given the name of Lord Kelvin, proposed that the absolute zero be considered as the reference point . Degrees of Celsius were used for measurement and these two scales still exist together.

How to create a Celsius scale

First, the scientist suggested that the boiling point of water be taken as 0 °, and the freezing point should be 100 ^o . Until now, we have been using Celsius for temperature measurement, although the idea itself belonged to Carlo Renaldini. It was he who suggested using the boiling point and freezing point of water back in 1694.

The first thermometer based on the ideas of Celsius was applied by Carl Linnaeus in 1744 for the observation of plants. Created it by Daniel Ekström, a great contribution to bringing the scale to the modern mind was made by scientist Martin Strehmer. It was their thermometer for the first time 0 degrees Celsius that showed the freezing point of water, and 100 ^o was the point of its boiling.

This system was very convenient and began to spread all over the world. True, at first it was called the "Extreme scale" or "Stremer scale". And only in 1948 it was officially recognized, named after Celsius and accepted all over the world.

Using the Celsius scale

Now almost all countries use this system of temperature measurement. Because the freezing point of water is the same in all parts of the world and does not depend on pressure. And water is the most common substance on Earth. Therefore, now every child is familiar with the sign of the degree of Celsius.