What are structural diagrams. Types of structural schemes. Structural wiring diagrams

What are called structural diagrams? Why are they developed? In what conditions? Structural diagrams of computers, enterprises and management - what are their characteristics? All this will be considered in detail within the framework of the article.

What are structural diagrams?

They define the main functional parts that a product, enterprise or division will have. The issues of designation and interrelation are also being studied. The stage of development of structural diagrams is carried out at the initial stages of design. As a result, the principle of action should be reflected in the most generalized form.

What gives an idea?

The block diagram does not take into account the location of the constituent parts. Also, the way of communication between them is not indicated. Structural diagrams of subdivisions, enterprises, electronic machines should give an idea of:

1. Components.
2. The sequence of interaction of individual functional parts of the object, which is considered. They are depicted as rectangles with conditional graphic symbols. They, as well as the type and name of the object, fit into the geometric figure.

Arrows are used to indicate the course of the processes that occur. They connect the functional parts. On simple schemes, a linear method of mapping from left to right is usually used. Where there are several working channels, use parallel horizontal placement.

What should I do when working with complex systems?

If there are many functional parts, then the elements can be designated by one digit in the sequence. It is necessary to make a list of decoding. But the drawback of this scheme is the deterioration in visualization. Moreover, detailed information can be provided, which consists in the fact that a separate structural diagram is developed for each functional part. It also indicates characteristics, diagrams and explanatory inscriptions. Specific parameters for individual points can also be specified. Thus, structural electrical circuits can contain values for the values of voltages, currents, pulses, and other properties. Data is usually placed on a free field or near graphic symbols. The result is included in the operational documentation so that future service personnel can familiarize themselves with the facility.

Classification schemes

It is conducted depending on the purposes and the object. So, they distinguish:

1. Organizational. This includes the structural diagrams of enterprises, organizations, political parties and so on.
2. Technical. This includes the structural electrical diagrams of computers, production machines and so on.

How is the construction done?

Structures are usually designed from the top down. That is, they first identify the goal and the final result, and then they are dismantled into separate parts, from which the scheme will consist. In the form of a list, the design stages can be represented in this way:

1. The object is divided horizontally into wide functional blocks.
2. The ratio of rights and opportunities of influence is established.
3. The duties of each subject are defined.

To consolidate knowledge, we suggest examining the structural diagrams of the organization. We will also consider how it is managed.

Organizational structure of the enterprise

Its feature is that it must be able to adapt to the changes that occur in the external environment. It is necessary to understand that the organizational structure of an enterprise is a set of links (divisions) and connections between them. Its formation is influenced by such factors:

1. Field of activity.
2. Type, nomenclature and range of products.
3. Organizational and legal form of functioning of the enterprise.
4. The scale of the company (calculated in the volume of production, the number of personnel, money income).
5. Markets for sale, where the enterprise operates or where the enterprise goes in the performance of its economic activities.
6. Technologies that are used in the production process.
7. Information flows that circulate inside the company and beyond its boundaries.
8. Degree of resources for production.

Types of organizational structures

The success of the enterprise depends on the quality of their organization. Structural schemes of units can be the following:

1. Linear.
2. Functional.
3. Linear-staff.
4. The divisional.
5. Linearly-functional.
6. Matrix.

Linear scheme

For it, the vertical type of connections is characteristic. There is a top manager who manages the linear. They, in turn, give orders to the performers. Of course, the structure can be significantly complicated. So, you can add separate functional units. But this is typical for large companies. The linear structure is based on the allocation and transfer of functions to specific people or units. Structural control schemes of this type are simple and allow you to specify the duties, but require the availability of qualifications.

Functional diagram

The organization is divided into separate elements that solve a specific type of tasks (finance, production, service). Inter-layer and vertical links are present. But a significant drawback is a certain blurring of the manager's functions. This type of organization is very specialized, but not flexible enough.

Linear-Staff Scheme

Almost does not differ from the first type. But there is one nuance - there is a special headquarters (board of directors, consultants and others) that give recommendations to top management on how to act in order to get the best result. An important advantage of this type is that before the decision is taken, the pros and cons are carefully weighed. Therefore, the possibility of committing actions that will have negative consequences is reduced.

Divisional scheme

Used in large firms to eliminate the attendant management problems. Under this scheme, the distribution of responsibilities is done by regions of work or categories of products. Divisional units, in turn, are divided into smaller constituent parts according to one of the variants presented here.

Linear-function circuit

Here, the division goes by ties. The main channels are linear. But there are also additional links, which by their nature are functional. A significant drawback of this scheme is the presence of several managers. Therefore, a well-defined system of priorities is necessary for a clear and coordinated work.

Matrix circuit

Its essence lies in the fact that in already existing structures, temporary working groups are created, to which personnel from all over the enterprise can be transferred to subordination. Such an organizational approach is used to perform a certain type of tasks at an accelerated pace to accelerate something (release of new products, renewal of fixed assets of production, etc.).

Conclusion

So we examined the main structural diagrams of enterprises and units. Within the framework of the article, you already have a common understanding of the state of affairs, so difficulties with the interpretation of this concept will not arise.