Types of enemas, indications for use and technique of setting. What should be the solution for enema

An enema is a procedure during which water, medicinal or other substances are introduced into the body (into the rectum through the anus or into the large intestine using intestinal tubes or using an enema tip).

All enemas can be classified according to the purpose of application, the volume of the liquid to be administered, the composition of solutions and the temperature of the liquid. You can make an enema at home, but do not forget that the enema in the hospital is conducted by professionals, so it is much safer.

For the purpose of application, purifying, therapeutic, nutritious, erotic, psychotropic and ritual enemas are isolated.

Cleaning

The setting of the cleansing enema is usually carried out for the purpose of washing and cleansing the colon, eliminating stool and constipation, treating intoxication or poisoning. It is used before various surgical operations and anal sex. The solution with such enema is not absorbed, but is erupted.

Therapeutic enema

The price of an enema like this usually depends on the composition of the solution. Carrying out this procedure in the hospital, you will pay also for the services of doctors.

The enemas (or medicinal enemas) are usually microclysters, and the volume of the injected liquid does not exceed 100 ml. Used to introduce into the sigmoid and rectum medicinal substances (for example, herbal decoctions, suspensions of biological or medicinal products) and keep them inside for at least half an hour to complete absorption. However, not always the solution must be absorbed, sometimes the enema ends with the emptying of the intestine. Most often, enemas are prescribed for treatment of inflammation of the mucous membrane of the rectum or sigmoid colon or intestinal dysbacteriosis. Rarely they are used not for local treatment, but systemic, for example, with epileptic status or with hyperthermia. The side effect of therapeutic enemas is a violation of the intestinal microflora with frequent use.

Drip (nourishing) enema

Currently, this species is not used at all. In medical practice it was widely used in the XIX - early XX centuries for feeding seriously ill patients. The idea was that a weak solution of glucose (5%) in a volume of up to one liter by means of a dropper is slowly introduced into the patient's body through the anus. In our time, this method has become obsolete, and intravenous and probe feeding has become a substitute for it.

Erotic

This kind is used to obtain sexual or erotic pleasure from the associated situation (role-playing games related to medicine, all kinds of BDSM situations and so on) or from the enema itself. The Indians of Peru had a ritual in which, during intercourse, a man was given an enema. She helped to strengthen the erection and stimulation of the prostate gland.

Psychotropic (or alcoholic)

Most often it is a microclyster of 50-100 ml. With its help, various psychotropic substances are introduced into the body , mainly 5-10% alcohol solution. The enema is quite popular among the "advanced" modern youth, as in the rectum the alcohol is very quickly absorbed and does not pass through the liver (where it usually breaks down by oral intake), exerting a strong influence on the brain with subsequent intoxication and euphoria. In some Asian countries, young people practice enemas from opium solution. Even in ancient Greece, enemas of mandrake wine were popular (the mandrake root was placed in wine for several months).

However, this medal has a downside: there is a huge risk of overdose, getting a chemical burn of the rectal mucosa and its subsequent chronic inflammation, or just a mechanical damage.

Ritual

Sometimes enemas are part of any rituals or rituals, customs. For example, the rite of purification.

These types of enemas are still common in some peoples, in particular, in Africa, indigenous Indian tribes of South and North America, in some cults and religious sects. And this is not always involved only adults, sometimes ritual enemas and children.

Almost always, the enema solution contains psychotropic or narcotic substances, sometimes even aphrodisiacs. Indians from America as a solution for enemas used the following materials: a vine of spirits, datura, cayenne pepper, brugmansia, wine from agave, coca leaves and others.

In addition to those listed above, sometimes enemas pursue other goals. For example, sometimes in families that do not belong to religious or national minorities, children are given enemas for the purpose of punishment or for training the child to be emptied at the right time. In this case, the enema is not necessarily put, sometimes the child is simply intimidated.

Also, this procedure is quite common among girls who are fond of diets, losing weight in general, starvation, some health or yoga practices.

By the volume of the fluid administered, the enema can be divided into small, medium and siphon.

Microclystia

Small enema is usually used to inject any medications or psychotropic substances into the rectum. For setting, a small pear is used (a tool for carrying out the procedure). The volume of enemas does not exceed 10-100 ml.

Average

Usually it is a cleansing enema, the volume of the solution does not exceed 2 liters. The setting of the cleansing enema is used for constipation or before the diagnosis of the rectum or colon (X-ray or endoscopic studies), in order to clean the large intestine.

Siphon

Synonym of siphon enema - intestinal lavage. The meaning of the procedure is to introduce a liquid of about 20 liters volume by repeated pouring and excretion of 1-2 liters. Usually used for the purpose of removing toxic substances from the body or for deep cleansing of the colon. Do not confuse this type of enema with hydrocolonotherapy. Siphon enema babe is clearly not suitable.

The composition of the administered solution distinguishes water, medicinal, soap, glycerin, hypertonic, oily, acidic, soda and other enemas.

Water (simple enema)

A solution for this type of enema consists simply of water. It is usually used for constipation, for cleaning the intestine before surgery, before giving birth.

Medicinal

The properties of the curative enema have already been described above. We add only that due to the high rate of absorption of medicinal substances by the intestinal mucosa, this type of enemas is much more effective than oral administration of drugs. A solution for enemas are decoctions of herbs (for example, chamomile, nettle and others) or medicines.

Before treatment enemas usually require a cleaning enema.

Soap and glycerin

Soap enemas are most often used for constipation, their goal is to stimulate the peristalsis of the colon. Soap is often combined with glycerin, which is also a strong stimulant of peristalsis.

Glycerin enemas - consisting of pure glycerin or glycerol solution. Very rarely used in pure form.

Hypertensive enema

This enema, as a solution which is a solution of table salt or magnesium sulfate. Basically, they are used for constipation or if the patient has contraindications to simple enemas (this happens when the body is not undesirable, for example, with high blood pressure, intracranial, edema or water retention).

Oily enema

These species contain vegetable or mineral oil (mineral oil). Oily enema is most often used for constipation, and also often precedes a glycerin or soap enema (then it serves as protection of the mucous membrane from irritations).

Sour

Nothing more than an enema with the addition of vinegar or lemon juice. Contrary to known stereotypes that the acid corrodes mucous, on the contrary, this type of enema does not cause irritation and is much more useful than soap or glycerin species. The sour enema intensifies the peristalsis of the large intestine, it is used most often with constipation. Rarely can be used for putrefactive dyspepsia to reduce pain.

Soda

In a solution of these enemas, a little bit of potassium bicarbonate (baking soda) is added. Alkaline pH, normal for the intestines, helps to reduce spasms and reduce irritation. Just like an acidic enema, it is used to reduce irritation and pain in dyspepsia (only fermentation, in which the acidity of the stool is increased).

Enema with hydrogen peroxide

Hydrogen peroxide in the solution should not be more than 1%, otherwise there is a risk of a burn of the intestinal mucosa.

Hydrogen peroxide reacts to organic substances of the colon and secrete oxygen, which causes bloating of the intestine. This enema is strictly contraindicated with even a slight suspicion of low strength of the walls of the colon, otherwise it will lead to its rupture.

Usually used to stimulate peristalsis.

Ognev's enema

This species is used in the case when the peroxidic enema is contraindicated. Invented it Russian surgeon Ognev, from which it has such a name. It is quite irritating to the intestines, so do not be addicted to it. The solution for enema Ogneva consists of 20 ml of 3% hydrogen peroxide, a soap solution and pure glycerin.

It is used only for paresis of the large intestine or complete atony.

Oxygen

Instead of a solution with such an enema, oxygen is injected into the large intestine in small portions (about 100 ml). All this happens with the help of a special device.

It is used for treatment against helminths, since they do not tolerate a high oxygen content.

Tobacco enema

Nowadays it does not apply. Was widespread in the XVIII-XIX centuries. The tobacco was injected into the rectum. Most often used to resuscitate the drowned. It was believed that warming up with tobacco smoke can return breath.

By the temperature of the injected fluid, all types of enemas can be divided into cold, cool, warm and hot.

Cold

The temperature of the solution with such enema varies from 0 to room temperature (but necessarily below room temperature). It is a strong stimulant of the peristalsis of the colon, it perfectly reduces the temperature of the body.

It is recommended for use in case of paresis of the colon, atony, atonic constipation, and also if the absorption of the solution is to be minimized. It is used for fecal intoxications, for fecal blockages, in cases when a warm enema is contraindicated and can dissolve feces. It can also be a means for rapidly reducing fever with hyperthermia, especially with infectious diseases or a heat stroke.

It is highly not recommended for use with conventional constipation, spasms.

Cool

The solution for this enema has room temperature. And although this temperature for the intestines is still too low, a cool enema is better tolerated by the body and less spasmogenic. Indications for use and contraindications are the same as in cold enemas.

Warm

This is an anal enema with a fluid that has a body temperature or a couple of degrees warmer. The organism is perceived as warm. Has a laxative and spasmolytic effect on the large intestine, however, cold or cool enemas are more suitable for stimulating intestinal motility.

Well dissolves feces, well absorbed by the body. The temperature of the body does not affect. Recommended for spasms, statistical constipation, as well as in cases where cold or cool enemas are contraindicated.

As a solution for a warm enema, it is recommended to use decoctions of herbs or medicines, since they are much better absorbed.

Hot

The temperature of the solution of such enema varies between 40-45 degrees. But in no case is more than 45 degrees, as this temperature will provoke a burn of the intestinal mucosa! By an organism such enema is perceived as hot, but not burning.

It is most often used to warm the prostate in men.

The technique of setting and recommended volumes

The technique of setting and the necessary adaptations vary depending on the type of enema and the place of its application. The enema in the doctor clearly will differ from the one that you did at home. Please be cautious when staging an enema at home. The enema in the hospital, under the supervision of specialists, is much safer. Now let's move on to the production process.

Cleansing enemas are characterized by a large volume of solution. For them you will need:

- Esmarch's mug (a vessel containing up to two liters of liquid), usually it is already equipped with a rubber tube;

- special tip.

So, the patient needs to be laid on the left (or right, there is no difference) side, after which he must press his legs under him. The tip should be oiled with petroleum jelly. After filling the Esmarch mug with fluid, gently insert the tip into the patient's anus. Wait for all the liquid to enter the intestines, then gently pull out the tip. Now the patient must at least half an hour to keep the liquid inside, and then empty. The procedure is finished. It must be understood that the cleansing enema infants is not suitable, since the maximum amount of injected fluid they should not exceed 15-30 ml.

Hypertonic, oily and other types of microclystia are placed without the help of Esmarch's mug. It will be enough to have a small pear-shaped balloon with a tip or a syringe to Janet. With their help, the solution is gently inserted inside.

If you have not yet understood, with the help of which the enema is being made, the photos below will accurately show the necessary adaptations.

All of the above types of enemas can be done at home.

Now let's find out what a siphon enema is. The price for it varies between 650 and 1000 rubles, depending on the clinic in which you conduct this procedure. At home, such an enema is not something that is not recommended, but simply impossible. It may be dangerous!

To perform this procedure, you need:

- a small basin of water;

- pitcher;

- a thick gastric tube;

- funnel.

End the stomach probe carefully lubricate with Vaseline for about five centimeters and enter the anus at about 30-40 cm. Fill the funnel gently with water, while keeping it at the level of the body. Then lift it up. The funnel should be completely filled with water with an admixture of the contents of the intestine. Pour it into a basin and refill with clean water. So it should continue until you see in the funnel more or less pure water.

Now let's talk about the volumes of enemas. Usually the volume of the enema does not exceed one liter, the exception is the siphon enema. As you already understood, with an siphon enema an unlimited amount of water is used, usually 2-3 liters, but it can be more. Everything depends on the degree of slagging of the intestine.

Medicinal and cleansing enemas contain about 1 liter of fluid, oil, hypertensive, soda and others - not more than 500 ml.

We described the process of setting enemas in adults. And what about the children?

Enemas for children

The big problem of carrying out this procedure to the child is that it's just very difficult to persuade him. Try to explain to him what is needed and what is it for his own good.

If it is a question of babies, then there are more difficulties.

Firstly, the usual volume of enema is not suitable for him. Accordingly, you can put Esmarch's mug in the far corner. For infants, the volume of the enema should not exceed 30 ml. A child of two years can do enemas with 100 ml of solution.

Secondly, let's talk about the solution. This should not be a strong medicine. Ideally, if it is ordinary water. However, if the child has strong bowel problems, then a solution of sodium chloride is suitable. Sometimes you can put an oil enema, using vaseline, sunflower or olive oil. You can also use a little glycerin solution. Either way, any liquid must be heated to 37 degrees. Do not put a child cold or hot enema.

Before staging an enema babies always need to consult a doctor!

Types of enemas: table

Based on all of the above, you can make a small table.

View	Indications for use	Contraindications	Recommended volumes of enemas and temperature
Cleaning	With constipation, intoxication, poisoning; Before surgery, anal sex.	Bleeding in the digestive tract, inflammatory process in the colon, malignant tumors of the rectum.	1-2 liters; Usually cool or cold.
Therapeutic	They are used as a local or systemic treatment of various diseases.	The same.	Not more than 100 ml; Warm or hot.
Erotic	It is used to get sexual pleasure.	The same.	Different volumes and temperature.
Psychotropic	He has no medicinal properties.	Some psychotropic substances are illegal.	50 to 100 ml; More often cold.
Soap or glycerin	To stimulate peristalsis.	Sometimes it causes severe irritation. In general, the contraindications are the same as the cleansing enemas.	Up to 500 ml; Cold or cool.
Hypertensive	It is mainly used for constipation.	Do not use if you have high blood pressure, swelling.	From 100 to 300 ml; Warm.
Oily	With constipation or as a protection of the mucous membrane before glycerin enemas.	The contraindications are the same as those of the cleansing.	Usually this is microclystia; Cold or cool.
Sour	It is used for constipation; Strengthens peristalsis.	Irritations of the colon, its damage.	Not more than 1 liter; Cold or cool.
Soda	Helps reduce spasms, improves peristalsis.	The same as the cleaning.	Not more than 1 liter; Cold or cool.
Enema with hydrogen peroxide	To stimulate peristalsis.	Strictly contraindicated with low strength of the intestinal wall.	500 - 1000 ml; Cold or cool.
Ognev's enema	It is used in cases when a peroxide enema is contraindicated.	Very dangerous, rarely used. Contraindications are the same as in the drug enema.	60 ml; Cold or cool.
Oxygen	For treatment against helminths.	The same as the cleaning.	Enter in small portions, not more than 500 ml.

Do not forget that any anal enema can harm a person. It is not recommended to abuse them. Also, do not put enemas without the need. Some girls who dream of losing weight often resort to this method, although in fact the enema does not produce any effect of weight loss. If you decide to lose weight and want to do it with enemas - better hydrocolonotherapy. This procedure is aimed at the complete cleansing of the intestine, and the enema - only on its small part.

In any case, do not put enemas too often. If the problem persists after 2-3 procedures - consult a doctor. Independently to continue treatment by enemas it is impossible, and it absolutely nothing will give you. Take care of your health and do not abuse unnecessary procedures!