Transition to NEP - causes and consequences

NEP, namely, the so-called most often the new economic policy introduced in the early twenties of the last century, was to become a transitional step towards building socialism. The country, which had only recently recovered from revolutions and civil war, wanted peace. The temporary policy of the Bolsheviks, which has become obsolete, survived its last days. Once a great Russia was on the verge of a serious social crisis - then the transition from war communism to NEP was ripe. It was this decision that was proclaimed at the next (tenth) congress of the Bolshevik Party in Moscow in 1921.

The reasons for the transition to NEP were clear. First of all, the country's difficult situation at the turn of such changes affected: Russia was overtaken by both the political and the economic crisis. The industry was destroyed, the factories stood. The workers declined more and more - they were many, they wanted to work and fought hard for every job (but they were not enough).

And those who worked, did not receive special moral and monetary satisfaction from their labor. In connection with the abolition of commodity-money relations, people received wages with a natural product, not with money. Such a leveling did not lead to a sense of satisfaction from moral justice, but to an ever-increasing bitterness and rampant speculation throughout the country.

Agriculture, in particular unruly peasants, generally saw the Bolsheviks as destructive elements. The peasant possessions, in view of the reduction of the sown areas and the instability of the situation in the country, became more and more isolated in themselves and were similar to natural-economic entities. Entering the consumer market for them was uninteresting, unprofitable. In addition, the peasants fed the Red Army, and subsequently demobilized servicemen filled the cities and villages more and more, replenishing the ranks of cripples, losers and adoptives.

Now the long-term transformation of all spheres of the economy to a new policy - a direct transition to the NEP. Its main ideas (the abolition of the surplus-appropriation and the introduction of a tax in kind) were not yet fully understood by the simple peasantry, which lurked in anticipation of change, although in the south of Russia anti-Bolshevik uprisings arose against all sorts of reforms. That is how Ukraine reacted to any changes worse").

The second significant change is the development of market relations and the resolution of different forms of ownership. The market, in turn, could be revived by infusions of foreign capital, which ensured the transition to the NEP. The depreciation of the currency at that time and the terrible inflation demanded a monetary reform, which was implemented in the first years after the introduction of this policy.

During the existence of military communism, the party finally strengthened its positions - the Bolsheviks ceased to be associated with political power. From now on they became part of the state apparatus. Expansion of ideology and its introduction into all spheres of public and private life led to complete and undivided control of society by the Bolshevik party. Under such conditions, the transition to the NEP became the most possible, since both the economic, political, and ideological spheres were concentrated in the hands of one "puppeteer".

The introduction of a new economic policy was met by the population in different ways. Many peasants quickly reoriented and began to actively enter the market, the workers, in turn, received an excellent opportunity to use their forces in production, because the transition to the NEP provided an opportunity for the prosperity of the country's economy, which, unfortunately, was so ineptly lost in subsequent years.