Entomology - what kind of science is it? What does entomology study

Entomology is one of the branches of zoology. It is based on the study of various types of insects. Entomology has a certain decoding. Words in this combination are ancient Greek. Namely ἔντομον is an "insect", and λόγος is a "teaching". There are a lot of insects. Namely, about 3 million species. Therefore, to all of them to study, the help of many experts is required.

History of occurrence

Entomology is the science of insects. It originated in the 16th century. It began to improve rapidly, thanks to the development of culture and agriculture (beekeeping).

Many great biologists were interested in this science. It was mastered by Charles Darwin, Nobel laureate Carl von Frisch, writer V. Nabokov, Professor Edward Wilson.

What does entomology study

Until the middle of the XIX century, scientists studied the anatomy of various species of insects, made a description of the skeleton and external organs. A little later, biologists began to improve in this direction. They began to study insects, paying attention not only to the skeleton and organs, but also to separate parts of the body. This is a reliable fact.

Specific directions

Entomology is the science of insect-like species, consisting of several sections:

• Theoretical aspects of biological methods of plant protection.
• Influence of biogenic and abiogenic factors on the adaptation processes of insects.
• Ethology.
• Life cycles and ontogeny of insects.
• Entomofauna.
• Evolution of insects.
• Population entomology.
• Morphology and embryology of insects.
• Theoretical bases of practical entomology.
• Geographical distribution.
• Systematics.
• Paleontology.

Description of directions

Every year biologists studied insects in order to determine what they need and what their place in nature is. During a variety of studies, various beetles began to be divided into harmful and useful types. In other words, entomology is the study of insects, whose main purpose is to study the behavior and characteristics of harmful insects, and to determine effective methods of combating them.

First of all I wanted to focus on a certain fact. That is, of all that entomology studies, scientists are more interested in some types of insects, which can be the main carriers of many diseases. This, in turn, is very detrimental to human health. Also no less important was the study of insects, which harmed not only man, but agricultural plants. Such detailed research has yielded interesting and effective results. Reproduction, parasitism, and so on were observed.

During the research, practical measures were taken to combat these insects. At the same time, knowledge was used about the type and lifestyle of each pest. Thanks to more detailed biological research and observation of their life, scientists managed to develop means for their destruction. Therefore entomology is a science that has an important character. By trial and error , two methods of fighting harmful insects have been developed. Namely, a certain spraying of the plant with poisonous substances. This procedure helps to destroy these insects. However, it is harmful to human health. It should be remembered that, first of all, entomology is the science of beetles and other various insects. The obtained knowledge of them will be used for various studies in the future.

Relationship with different species

The existence of entomology, its practical significance and development can be learned from special publications and journals. After acquaintance with this information, it becomes clear that the relationship between some types of insects is very complicated. It has always been interesting to observe the life of insects on the part of science. And the knowledge gained was applied in practice. Particularly interesting were the observations from both a practical and a theoretical point of view. It turns out that in many species of beetles, such phenomena as parasitism and symbiosis are common. In the first case, this is when one insect lives at the expense of another. In the second - mutual assistance to each other.

Often, parasites can occur both in Diptera and in membranous species. Not once has been noted an important fact. It consists in the fact that some types of parasites can exist at the expense of a certain type of insect, while others can be polyphagous. This is important to remember. There have been cases when parasites live at the expense of others, and then third and fourth. With regard to symbiosis, this phenomenon was seen among termites, ants. In the community with them, many other types of insects can live. Their lives are interrelated. So there was such a concept as termotofiliya and myrmekofiliya.

Main categories of entomology

In this case, there are several provisions. Entomology - the science of insects - is also divided into several categories. Each of them affects certain areas. In this case it is:

• Private entomology of insects. It includes such disciplines:

- Apiology (study of bees).

- Blattopterology or diktiopterologiya (cockroaches, ants).

- Dipterology (studying mosquitoes and flies).

- Hymenopterology (study of bees, wasps, riders, dusters, termites).

- Coleopterology (study of coleopteran insects).

- Lepidopterology (examination of Lepidoptera).

- Myrmecology (study of termites.

- Odonatology (dragonflies).

- Orthopterology (study of the family of locusts, crickets).

- Trichopterology (investigation of caddis flies).

• General entomology. She studies the structure, evolution, variety of insects, life activity, individual development and their habitat.
• Applied entomology. This is the science of the fauna, which includes several directions. Each of them has a significant significance. Namely:

- Forest entomology.

- Veterinary.

- Medical.

• Agricultural entomology. She studies a certain type of insect. Namely, those that damage agricultural crops, plants, animals and humans. She also studies insects involved in pollination of plants.
• Forensic medical entomology. In this case, adhere to a certain direction. That is, this entomology is the science of insects, related to forensic science, which studies species that can appear on the corpse of a person after his death. In other words, with the help of different stages of development of larvae of meat flies , the period of the existence of the corpse can be established. This entomology is a science that has certain criteria. For example, if the corpse has neither larvae nor eggs, then death occurred no more than four hours ago. And if they are, then the killing occurred after 6-12 hours. But if you have passed a day, then on the body you can find larger larvae. After 36 hours they increase in size. But if two weeks have passed, then their pupation begins. The Chinese, at the very beginning of the development of judicial entomology, in the XIII century, began using larvae of flies to disclose cases of murders.

Higher educational institutions studying this science

Problems related to the study of insects in Russia, are solved in the following institutions:

- In Moscow State University in the Zoological Museum (Moscow).

- In the laboratory of entomology research in FEB RAS (Biology and Soil Institute). It is located in Vladivostok.

- In the RAS (Institute of Evolutionary Morphology). It is located in Moscow.

- The Institute. Schmalhausen. It is located in Kiev.

- National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Location - Kiev.

- Questions related to forest and agricultural entomology are studied at the All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection. It is located in the suburbs of St. Petersburg. And also in all higher institutions that remained after the Soviet Union, engaged in studying the flora. Including in the branch research institute.

- Problems with medical entomology are solved in the Russian Academy of Medical Science. It is the institute of malaria and parasitic diseases.

- Also, these studies are conducted in other institutions. Namely in the German entomological school and the Baltic Institute of Coleopterology.

Among the many higher institutions studying this science, over the course of five years, about 25,545 articles devoted to entomology were selected.

By their level, only 5 institutions were noted. Namely: University of Florida, California, Riverside Cornell, Davis, Texas A & M.

Chairs studying entomology

There are a lot of them. However, the main ones were created:

- At the Agrarian University in the Kuban. The department was founded in 1968.

- At the University. Lomonosov Moscow in 1925. Here, the Faculty of Biology and the Department of Entomology were established.

- At the University. Timiryazev (ICCA). The department was founded in 1920.

- In St. Petersburg State University.

- The Department of Entomology was also established in the Saratov relevant educational institution. Namely in the State Agrarian University. Vavilov.

- The Department of Entomology in the Stavropol Higher Educational Establishment was also established. This is the State Agrarian University. Vavilov.

Organizations engaged in entomology

In 1859, K.M. Baer and Academician Semenov-Tian-Shansky created the Russian Society, which studies entomology. During the Soviet Union, he had a specific name - "All-Union entomological society."

Similar organizations were founded in different countries of the world. Namely, in:

- France.

- Great Britain.

- Germany (Entomologischer Verein zu Stettin).

- Holland.

- Belgium.

- Russia.

- America (founded in 1867).

- Philadelphia (founded in 1859).

- Canada.

- Italy.

- Cambridge.

- Germany.

And other entomological communities are in:

- To Ukraine.

- Britain.

- Japan.

- Brazil.

- Argentina.

- Venezuela.

- Spain (Asociación Entomolóxica Galega, Asociación Española de Entomología, Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa, Sociedad Andaluza de Entomología (boletín), Sociedad Española de Entomología Aplicada).

- Colombia.

- Mexico.

- Chile.

There are also international societies: the International Society of Hymenopterists, USA, the International Palaeoentomological Society.

The International Union of Researchers of Public Insects has also been established.

Revision

The main periodic Russian publications on this science are:

- "Entomological review". Here the details of this direction are comprehensively described.

- "Proceedings of the All-Union Entomological Society".

Also there were publications:

- Zoosystematica Rossica (1993).

- "Russian Entomological Journal". It was launched in 1992.

- "Eurasian Entomological Journal" (2002), etc.

Many systematic descriptions of insects on the territory of the Russian Federation are available in the multivolume "Fauna of Russia and Neighboring Countries (USSR)". This type of literature is published in many countries around the world.

Conclusion

After reading this text, everyone can answer the question about what entomology is studying, what areas it is affecting. You should only carefully read the above. Also you can find out about it on such a site as "molbiol". Entomology there is explained in more detail. In general, you can talk a lot about this science. It contains a lot of interesting and useful for humanity. The main thing is to have an interest in this direction. And if you look into the very essence of entomology, then it will prove to be quite an entertaining and instructive science.