Theatrical professions: description

Theater is an art that can be called collective. It only seems to the uninitiated that the theater is limited to the stage and the actors on it. In reality, the behind-the-scenes hide a lot of people who have different theatrical professions. What kind? Read on!

Usher

Where does any Melpomene church begin? Remembering the dictum of Konstantin Stanislavsky, you can answer: "The theater begins with a hanger!", But in fact everything begins with a kapeldiner. In the everyday life of people of this profession it is customary to call the ticket, however, among their duties, not only check tickets.

The Kapeldiners prepare the hall for the performance, meet the spectators, seat them in their seats and even can consult about the theater's repertoire. So the aphorism about the fact that the theater begins with a hanger is not quite true. By the way, in the tsarist times, the main rules were introduced, which in some theaters are still preserved today: for example, in the lower ground, in the stalls and the mezzanine, the role of the dropshippers is performed by men, and girls are working above the first tier.

Actors and actresses

The curtain rises, actors appear on the stage. They are real masters of reincarnation. It is the actors who take the images of other personalities, fully getting used to their character and qualities. An acting career began in Ancient Greece. Initially, this profession was very respected. Later, in the Middle Ages, the actor's work was despised - in fact the theater was recognized as a manifestation of the devil, and people who had theatrical professions - his servants. To restore themselves in the eyes of the society, the artists were able only in the Renaissance. But the real revolution occurred in the twentieth century - then Stanislavsky won the patterned character inherent in the actors.

It should be noted that theatrical activity is not suitable for everyone: only creative people can be actors, able to remember and reproduce a large amount of information. It is necessary to reincarnate daily in your character, bringing its essence to the public. Everything must be perfect - and voice, and intonations, and gestures. This profession is one of the most psychologically complex.

Puppeteer

This profession is different in that a person does not go on stage, he manages puppets, voices them. It is very important that the actor of the puppet theater possess the technique of puppet-making, stage speech, acting technique, singing.

Prompter

The avid theatergoers know the answer to the question of who the prompter is. Those who are not yet familiar with the meaning of this word will be interested to know that the French souffleur in Russian can be translated as a "hint". That is, the activity of this theatrical worker is that he follows the course of rehearsals and the play. And if necessary, whispering gives clues to the actors.

The workplace of the prompter is hidden from the viewer's eyes, so often many people do not even think about who the prompter is and where it is. And this person is sitting either behind the scenes, or in a souffle box located in the middle of the stage. This booth hardly rises, it has the shape of a shell.

Make-up artist

Master of theatrical transformations - make-up artist. He can turn a beauty into a monster and vice versa! To do this, he uses makeup, sticker materials (mustaches, wigs, eyebrows), gumoz - a special viscous mass, capable of deforming the face. In his work, the make-up artist is not limited to just applying a make-up. He makes wigs and beards.

Dresser

The stage image of the actors is completed by the people who came to work as a dresser. They help to emphasize the nature of the character, his features. What is a theatrical costume? These are clothes, shoes, jewelry and hats. Information on how to look like costumes characters from different eras, taken from different sources: museums, books, photographs, postcards.

Artist

Work on the costume begins with sketches. They are performed by the artist. He also draws up the entire performance. The profession of a theater artist is very versatile. He is both the designer of the stage, and the decorator, and the artist. It is also important that the interaction with the director: only teamwork allows us to realize the creative idea of the production, its idea. By the way, in every theater there is a decorative and sham shop. Here they make objects that are used in performances. To create scenery apply a variety of materials: papier-mache, wood, plaster, canvas.

Light Operator

The light operator is responsible for the work of the light equipment in the productions. Light effects on the stage are used very different. The two main categories are stationary and dynamic.

The dynamic can include:

• Lightning;
• explosion;
• fire;
• rain;
• snow;
• Course of the train.

Stationary effects are:

• stars;
• moon;
• fog;
• rainbow.

For all lighting effects, light operators use special equipment. A fog is obtained when hot steam is passed through the dry ice in the evaporators.

Entrepreneur

The manager, the impresario, the producer - all these theatrical professions can be called the word of an entrepreneur. This person is a tenant or custodian of a private theater. By the way, the very first contract, signed by an entrepreneur with an actress, was compiled in 1545! In Russia, professional entrepreneurs appeared only in the XVIII century. The first representative was the German Johann. It was issued in 1671 by Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. 1679 was marked by the arrival in Moscow of a new entrepreneur - Splavsky. And in 1700, at the invitation of Peter I, Johannes Kunst came to Russia.

Head of the troupe

Organizational activity in the theater is in charge of the troupe. This person takes part in the distribution of roles, makes suggestions on the composition of the company. In addition, he is engaged in drawing up plans for rehearsals. It is from this person that the troupe's uniform load depends. The manager selects new actors, invites performers for one-time participation in productions.

Director of the theater

The profession of a theatrical director in the form in which we are accustomed to see it, developed in the second half of the XIX century. But the concept of direction appeared much earlier - in 1742. The director of the theater defines the general idea, which will be revealed during the performance. This creative worker unites the efforts of all the rest - decorators and actors, composers and make-up artists. It is he who must rally all theater workers, make them penetrate the meaning, put the soul into the production. For this, the director needs to be a good psychologist, while being able to control himself.

The director of the theater is not an easy profession. In order to become it, it is necessary to possess assertiveness, seriousness, literacy, intelligence and originality. This person treats plays - of course, according to his vision, so that they sound in a new way, interest the audience. There are other theatrical professions. Assistant director is called simply a director. He is engaged in daily rehearsals. Less responsible tasks are performed by the assistant director.